Frankenstein: a Psychological Analysis Essay

What truly makes Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein an entertaining novel, in my opinion, is the mental development of each of the characters throughout the story. The best way to display such psychological progress is to compare events and thoughts from the book to Sigmund Freud’s theories on the conscience. Freud’s â€Å"id† is shown through primitive actions of certain characters; those that involve little judgment and rely on instincts rather than informed decisions. The â€Å"ego† can be observed through basic thoughts and decisions that are made without the influence of conscience. The â€Å"super-ego† is, in fact, conscious thought itself, often characterized by the guilt or other feelings that come as a result of the â€Å"id† and â€Å"ego†. As you will see, Freudian theory has an important place in the literary masterpiece that is Frankenstein. While the idea of the â€Å"id† is probably the least prevalent of the three in Frankenstein, it still plays a major role in shaping the characters, most specifically, Frankenstein’s monster. Id† is most commonly applied to instinctual actions and those taken simply out of a need for survival and instant gratification. The monster finds himself satisfying his â€Å"id† when teaching himself the basic means of living and human action. These skills give him what he needs to live and obtain his necessities, but contribute nothing to his ultimate consciousness. Much as the â€Å"id† is associated with primitive inhuman desires, Frankenstein’s monster takes on a bestial and primitive image. Next among the three parts of Freud’s psychic apparatus is â€Å"ego†. â€Å"Ego† is applied to the organized and realistic part of a character’s mentality and, unlike the â€Å"id†, requires judgment and next-level thinking. Victor Frankenstein’s willing development into a scientifically learned being and then his venture into creating life from inanimate body parts accurately shows the more advanced, yet still somewhat surface, thought process of an â€Å"ego†-influenced being. Additionally, it is Frankenstein’s â€Å"ego† that distances him from his family and friends. At this point he has the capacity to make decisions and act on them, but not consider or feel what might come out of them. Victor Frankenstein’s â€Å"ego† soon turns into â€Å"super-ego† as the consequences of his actions become visible. The â€Å"super-ego† plays the moral role of the three, allowing for emotional comprehension of the events that unfold. Guilt seems to be a common thread between the â€Å"super-egos† of Frankenstein and his monster. Victor is overwhelmed with guilt upon realizing that his creation is responsible for the deaths of his brother, father, friend, and wife. He even seeks a temporary release from the guilt in isolation and appreciation of nature. The monster finds himself in a very similar situation, facing the guilt of actually killing the ones that Frankenstein loved, and thus reducing his creator’s life to one without substance or anything to be emotionally attached to. Obviously, the mental punishment of guilt plays a large role in forming the â€Å"super-egos† of both protagonist and antagonist. Freud’s theories on the subconscious and conscience set the foundation for Shelley’s novel. His â€Å"id† characterizes the monster’s initial struggle for survival in an unfamiliar world. His â€Å"ego† is played out by Frankenstein’s obsession with biological sciences and later creation of a monster. His â€Å"super-ego† encompasses the basic actions taken in the previous two, but also adds an ethical and emotionally conscious element to the consequences. It is apparent that Sigmund Freud’s structural model of the psyche almost perfectly outlines the basic psychological activities in and between the characters of Frankenstein.

Gender Differences in Workplace Essay

In the emerging global economy, the world economic system today is much more open than it was only a decade ago. The world is fast becoming interdependent global market place. Competitiveness will be on an international basis wherein knowledge and skills of the workforce posed great challenge as it will be the key competitive weapon for the 21st century. While the global economy emerges here in the Philippines and so does stress. Stress – that can be felt by those who are in the frontline and those who are in the corporate ladder. Stress was first introduced by Walter Cannon along with the fight or flight response, and often than not one would feel changes in body temperature, the heart will beat faster and blood pressure alleviates and faster blood clotting once entered this phase. Stress is one of the factors why majority of the employees in management level become ill or at some point the reason for leaving their post. Over the past couple of decade, this has been the major concern of employers with their employees. Most of the big companies even allocate budget for the employee’s well being and prevention of such stress. Vacation leave has been around the working industry for a long time, since it will definitely help reduce stress and at some point sick leaves can be use to tend to stress. Many factors inside the company may affect sources of stress, there is the nature of work, threats in lay-offs, salary, time of work (e.g. graveyard shift), deadlines and managers themselves – well these are some of the stressors among those who are in the workforce of a company. Filipino workforce front liners has a clue on how to overcome stress, we might get a chance to see how most of the call center agents cope with stress outside of their company building by smoking cigarettes. But that is just one in so many ways on how to cope with stress. It is also notable that stress helps  an individual to perform well on a given task, the important moderator in the military context, for individual and groups, is training. Stress exposure training, in which individuals are exposed to simulated stressors and forced to perform target skills under them, can build familiarity with potential stressors, teach individuals strategies to maintain performance under stress, and contribute to over learning, task mastery, and increased self-confidence. Stress exposure training can also be effective in improving group performance under stress by teaching groups how to adapt their performance strategies to external stressors and alerting them to how other team members will be affected by stress. Groups that undergo training, tend to have better communication, teamwork and feedback strategies that help them to work together under stress (Kavanagh, 2005). Stress is an inevitable buddy in workers of fast food, BPOs and other offices -both public and private. Stress, both good and bad contribute to the efficacy and quality of service that an employee can offer. This study aims to know how stress affects those who are in the corporate ladder. Harris (2011) in behalf of American Psychological Association made a study last 2011 involving 1546 adult employees regarding work stress shows that 36% of the respondents feel stressed out with their job. And those who have high and low level of stress feel that they are less likely satisfied with their job. With this being said, we can take note that sufficient amount of stress is needed as a means of motivation. And that is what this study is all about. How stress affect both men and women who are in the corporate ladder. How they cope with a bucket of stress, and how to turn the tides to their favor. Statement of the Problem This study is conducted to determine the impact of stress among those who are in the corporate ladder in Metro Manila. Specifically, it seeks answers to the following questions;

Bend It Like Beckham Essay

At at the end they realize that racist and close-minded individuals are everywhere and if you desire to be a star, you do not have to accept anybody’s negative opinions but alternately put in the effort yourselves. When moving to another country, culture impact is what shocks families the most. In this case, Mr. Bhamra does not get accepted into a sports team because the way he presents himself, dressing differently from the norm, and the coaches do that welcome that. Due to this past experience that took place when he first came to the country, he closes many doors to his daughter, Jess, by not letting her go to practices, being on his wife’s side and thinking that he is only doing that to protect her from getting rejected and influencing her to profound her Indian culture values. This turns out to be a very difficult situation for Jesminder to handle because without her father’s support, she might end up being a failure. People say that gender stratification is not a common treatment amongst individuals anymore. But in the film, Jess’ father prohibits her from playing soccer because he assumes that it is not a sport for females, and that she will end up obtaining rejection from coaches and friends, just like he did as a teenager. Also because his wife acquaints him with false information stating that Jesminder’s sexuality would change, which results frightening him and causes him to restrain her from the activity completely. Jess accepts this in a very harsh way but does not give up and continues to play soccer without her father’s permission. The modern society states that culture and gender inequality is not in common use anymore, but that does not mean people will stop applying these injustices to others. Throughout the film Mr. Ghamra forbids Jesminder to carry out her passion, which is playing soccer, because he does not agree that ladies should perform the sport and because is not an Indian –like culture task. At the end of the movie he realizes that he cannot guard her forever and that she needs to defend herself alone with courage if she is willing to take risky chances. He becomes aware that it is not the world’s duty to change others but the person’s own to face their challenges. The situation shown in the film proves how Mr. Ghamra and his family suffered from different cultural conflicts between each other and others surrounding them. Certain gender issues and inequalities ,as a result of culture misunderstandings, also affect them. Although Mr. Bhamra did not accept his daughter eagerness to play soccer he realized that letting her persuade her dreams was the best option for her future. Concluding that, according to the film, it does not matter what people say or influence you to do, anything is possible and if you do not risk given chances, others will take along with your dreams.

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Exam - Essay Example This is not to mention the fact that human life is more precious than the zero pedals. The board has proved to be rather rigid when dealing with this matter. Whichever way I look at this issue, I seem to hit a wall. At this point, it is important to look at possible solutions. The best solution would be to inform the board and then inform the police. Ethically, this would be the best solution (Sheerow 37). This way I will save both my dignity and integrity and the users of the Zero pedal. However, this may not solve much of the problem since the former employee had tried that to no avail. If anything, this had cost him his job. Additionally, nothing had been done about it. The second thing to do would be to resign and save face. This is to my advantage because once a scandal blows up, which is bound to happen. However, this will not save all the lives of the customers who use the bike. Thirdly, I could advise the management to put a disclaimer that should come with the Zero pedal. Th is disclaimer should go be written in the user’s manual. The possible retailers of the product should also be educated about this product. Advertisements should also be put up educating people about the product as well as any problems that may arise from use of the pedal. This is just to clear up the current stock. However, Doug and the engineering department should start working on a solution as soon as possible in order to correct the defect. Although the cost per bike to fix the defect is high, it remains the management’s responsibility to produce only quality products for its customers. I will propose this solution to the management. If they refuse, I shall resign from my job and report the matter to the relevant authorities and I will inform them as such. I will also team up with my predecessor and take the issue public letting everyone know about the defect. After a lot of thinking, I choose the last alternative and am currently gathering courage to face the boar d. This model is known as Hurson’s Productive Thinking Model (ASQ). It involves using both critical and creative thinking skills at all the steps of the process. This therefore means that I have taken a well rounded look into the problem and come up with the best solution yet. A2. What the sort of money the goods stores are asking for is a shelf fee (Zimmerman 104). Ethically, this is not allowed. Ethically, this fee should not be there since they are not even sure that the product will sell. Additionally, it puts a squeeze on the small company’s finances. However, this fee is acceptable legally. It is known as the shelf fee. Most companies ask for this before putting up any products on their shelves. It is estimated that in the US, manufacturers pay up to $9 billion every year as shelf fees. This according to experts represents up to half of supermarket’s total gains. It is obvious that I need them to put up my products on the shelves if Green Move is to make a ny sales. However, instead of paying $5,000 before even making any profit (Cavallaro 98). I will negotiate to pay a certain amount of money for every good sold. This means that for every Zero Pedal sold, the retailing shop should expect at least 5% of the money received. This will ensure that the retailer himself does some work in trying to market the good since he too is making a kill out of it. Paying him the shelf fee may make the products lie on their shelves without any use. An additional strategy I am

Do no wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Do no wrong - Essay Example Ethics are often influenced by norms, expectation of society, to a certain degree by morals and other factors that compels proper behavior. Not all ethical practice is morally right because what is the proper thing to do does not automatically mean that it is right. A classic example is the lawyer whose professional ethics compels him to defend his client vigorously even if he knows that his client killed a man which in essence is not moral. His defense of a client albeit the client killed a man, is consistent of another ethical value upheld by society which is to give every man his day in court when accused of a crime. In the case of the case of Katy Butler’s parents in the article What Broke My Father’s Heart, the decision that has to be made that would require to use moral or ethics was the dilemma whether to stop the pacemaker in Jeff’s heart (Katy’s father) so that it will return to its normal function that will eventually put him to rest. Using the strict measurement of morality, stopping the pacemaker would, according to Dr. Rogan would tantamount to putting a pillow on Jeff’s head insinuating murder, and therefore, wrong. (1)But this is however simplistic because it failed to consider that Jeff did not want the pacemaker in his body that prolonged his agony and put him in a situation where people around him were forced to consider difficult options such as stopping his pacemaker. His situation was against his consent and could also be considered as not moral. The decision went to his wife who was not fully informed to the consequences of pacemaker. Valerie , the wife, realized later that Jeff’s decision not to have a pacemaker was after all right because he was like house that was collapsing after the pacemaker was installed in his body that was given was not a life,† but a prolonged and attenuated dying†. (2)Thus, in the case of Jeff, the act of turning his pacemaker off was neither euthanasia

Creating a Government Tax on Marijuana Research Paper

Creating a Government Tax on Marijuana - Research Paper Example Its use today is for a combination of medical and religious purposes, but recreational use is no less popular. This is why it would really be beneficial to tax marijuana, as it would bring in a sizeable amount of taxes to the USA and really boost our economy in the present lackluster conditions. Why One Would Support a Government Tax on Marijuana One tends to support a Government Tax on marijuana to legalize its use and make it available to those who want it. There are those who need it for medicinal purposes and it would be cruel to deny them this privilege. For those who are habitual drug users and are addicted to the substance, they would find a way to get it anyway and frequently use criminal avenues to satisfy their needs. By making marijuana legal, the street value would reduce and illegal smuggling would be stopped or greatly reduced. Drug control authorities could then concentrate on rehabilitation rather than on stopping the sources of illegal supply. Drug education is a bet ter way of stopping the menace and should be widely introduced in schools, colleges and universities. By making dealing in commercial quantities a punishable offence this would solve the matter in terms of arresting and incarcerating drug pushers as well. There are two commonly used methods of taxing the citizens of a State or nation. One is by direct taxation in the form of deduction from salaries or other earnings of individuals and corporations. This amount then gets transferred in the accounts and coffers of the IRS. The other is by indirect taxation. In this case, the tax is hidden in the various commodities that we buy and sell that contain marijuana in one form or another. Since there has usually been a huge hue and cry raised over allowing consumption and use of marijuana in the USA for medicinal purposes anyway, the State or Federal Government can allow a minimum threshold of use per month or per year without taxation, and anything above that would be automatically taxed at the decided rates. This would appease the groups of people that use marijuana for medicinal purposes such as in the suppression and control of chronic pain, or for religious and spiritual uses. With the number of people smoking, injecting and inhaling marijuana in its various forms increasing every day, there is a good amount of tax to be earned from it. According to UN estimates, marijuana is the most widely consumed illicit drug in the world. While the Federal Government supports the control and restrictions on marijuana, around 14 States in the USA have allowed the use of marijuana to date. It is worth remembering that was only in the early part of the 20th century that the open and unrestricted use of marijuana was challenged and made illegal. Even so, countries like Spain, Canada, Austria and the Netherlands have legalized a certain amount of marijuana for personal and medicinal use. In fact, there is an argument that production of hemp in large quantities was outlawed because it was a cheap substitute for paper and nylon. It would have ruined the business plans of DuPont, the inventor of nylon and affected the fortunes of William Randolph Hearst, who had invested millions in the wood industry (Wishnia, 3). The Case against Legalization The debate as to whether the use of marijuana should be legalized or not is far from over. Among the reasons opposing legalization of this drug are its known harmful effects. For instance, it has been documented that the use of mariju

How does the role of emotion and psychological attachment perpetuate Essay

How does the role of emotion and psychological attachment perpetuate the goals and actions of the main characters in Siddhart - Essay Example Another book crafted on the path of humanity and presented on a spiritual plane was the book â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† by Yukio Mishima. The book was published in the year 1956 and was translated into English later in the year of 1959 by Ivan Morris. The book is based loosely on the burning of the Golden Temple situated at Kinkaku-ji of Kyoto. The novel revolves round the obsession with the beauty and the growing urge to destroy it. Comparison between â€Å"Siddhartha† and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† The books â€Å"Siddhartha† by Hermann Hesse and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† by Mishima are similar in many aspects. The ages that are captivated in both the novels are very similar. Along with this, the context of the books, more precisely the spirituality encapsulated within the narrow framework of the plots involved in both the novels are presented in a similar way. Yet there are some differences in the presen tation of subtle and cosmic scheme of things operating on the paradoxical plane of psychology and spirituality in both the novels. This intricate and subtle difference sets the parameter on which comparison can be made between â€Å"Siddhartha† by Herman Hesse and Mishima authored â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion†. Stark comparison can be drawn from the thematic perspective of both the novels. The novels â€Å"Siddhartha† and â€Å"The Temple of the Golden Pavilion† present a psychological trajectory of their respective protagonist. This trajectory includes the crest and fall of emotion and is presented in both the novels at a different paradigm. This difference of presentation of psychological crest and fall frames the major difference on the thematic plane. The title of the novel, â€Å"Siddhartha† is a Sanskrit word which actually contains two different words, namely ‘siddha’ which means achievement and ‘artha’ w hich means wealth or meaning. Amalgamation of both the words into one stands for two meaning. At the first plane, it means ‘he who has discovered the meaning of existence’. Also, the meaning denotes, ‘one who has achieved or attained his goals’ (Boeree, 1999). Eventually the name of Buddha before the attainment of renunciation was Prince Siddhartha or Gautama. In the book Gautama is referred to as ‘Gotama’. The story of â€Å"Siddhartha† starts with the journey of Siddhartha along with his companion Govinda. Siddhartha, the son of the Brahmin, leaves his home to join the ascetics. They leave the home and set out for the quest of the enlightenment. The story is plotted against the background of ancient India somewhere between the 4th to 7th Century BC. Siddhartha leaves the materialist life but indulges into the pleasures of the world by becoming the trader of love and consequently again gets back to ascetic. This circle of consciousness completes as a comprehensive representation of the events that takes place consciously in human life as his experience. The fundamentals of human cognition like perception, participation and knowledge take place within the context of experience and experience of human being essentially involves the oscillation of emotions pertaining to pain and pleasures of human life (Archie, & Et. Al., 2004). In the Part One of the book, author describes the restless

The Mall as Disney Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Mall as Disney - Coursework Example Since Richards main concern is in Disneyland, Main Street is of much importance to him so that the people reading his essay can understand the whole history behind Disneyland Richard also uses Main Street because of its architectural similarities with Disneyland. This clearly shows that main street had a big role to play in the development of Disneyland. The past life of the American people shows by the architecture of Main Street. This same architecture also exists in Disneyland and this is the reason why Richard focuses a lot on Main Street. Main streets a generic street name, which in most parts of the world, used for socializing and retailing. USA Main Street has a lot of cultural impact on the lives of the American people. It is here that people came to shop for all their needs and at the same time sit down and socialize with others about what was going on in their lives. Main Street in the USA led to the development of several cities as more people came to these places to shop and socialize while providing enough recourse to the public to be able to come up with Disneyland. The architecture of Main Street also tells a lot about the culture of the American people. Every little building shows that the people were organized and that they valued art and architecture. The architectural configuration of Main Street gives us the impression of how the people loved buildings. The buildings perform different functions; some act as shopping malls. Each building has a place for socializing meaning that the people loved a lot of socializing. The other cultural role played by Main Street is the development of architecture in America. From Main Street, we are able to see how buildings look and how similar they are to Disneyland. We get to see how people built their houses, how they shopped and exact places where they socialized. Main Street also gives us the American culture of education. Many schools and colleges develop from

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Assignment Research Paper

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Assignment - Research Paper Example Concrete and productive strategies are therefore necessary to compact the crime related complications. Crime Prevention Approaches To achieve the entire goal of crime prevention in any society, all stakeholders should be exclusively involved. Policy makers, community members, developers and law enforcers have to work collectively in the battle against criminal activities. Traditionally, crime prevention was the obligation of the police officers and the judicially. Community members and other community key players were not involved. With the modern technology and complexity of criminal activities in the society, the contribution of all informers in society is paramount. Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) has incorporated all stakeholders in addressing criminal activities in the society. According to Crime prevention through environmental design strategy, profound designs and inclusive use of the general environment reduces tremendously the level of criminal activiti es in the society. The strategy works directly and indirectly in fettering notorious criminal activities in a society. CPTED encourages business people, neighbors and community organizations to combine their effort in preventing crime. The guiding principle in crime prevention through environmental design is time to time community consultation (Crowe 209). The constituents of CPTED are divided into two generations, the first generation and the second generation. The first generation entails components of physical designs. In this case physical designs include territoriality, natural surveillance, access control and image. The second generation is composed of social variables of the neighborhoods. Thunder Bay is one of the biggest cities in northern Ontario Canada. The city is mostly occupied by miners. There are very many idlers in the city due to job scarcity (Zimmerman 200). The city accommodates one of the most attractive tourist sceneries in Canada. The city is known for its hig h level of criminal activities. Crime is very rampant in Thunder Bay city. The most apparent criminal activities in Thunder Bay city include, rape, and drug trafficking, murder, prostitution, and theft (Zimmerman 200). The security agencies have tried to reduce this criminal activities but their effort is futile. The criminal activities in the city have discouraged tourist in the area. The crimes activities have also developed fear among the city residents. With proper utilization of the crime prevention through environment design principles, criminal activities in the country can be a thing of the past (Zimmerman 200). There is dire need for intensive inclusion of the available resources in the fight against criminal activities. Proper integration of the crime prevention through environmental design principles by the city planners, community, home owners, and developers is the only apparent solution to criminal activities in Thunder Bay city. There most relevant CPTED principles in the city includes The Natural Surveillance Principle The principle is based on the notion that, criminals do not wish to be observed when doing their criminal activities (Jeffrey 140). The legitimate users of the city or any residential place are expected to be in touch with what is happening on the street. Through this principle suspicious visitors are easily identified .The basic aim of the natural surveillance is to eliminate all the obstacles in the streets, providing adequate lights in

Culture Acceptance of Homosexuality in the African-American Culture Essay Example for Free

Culture Acceptance of Homosexuality in the African-American Culture Essay Different factions of sociologists depict men. Functionalists suggest that a division of labor originally arose between man and women because of the woman’s role in reproduction. By virtue of their larger size and greater muscular strength, men were assigned hunting and defense tasks. Conflict theorists reject functionalist arguments as simply offering a rationale for male dominance. They contend that a sexual division of labor is a social vehicle devised by men to assure themselves of privilege, prestige, and power in their relationships with women. By relegating women to the home, men have been able to deny women those resources they need to succeed in the larger world. Others say that the fundamental motive is men’s desire to have women readily available for sexual gratification. And still others emphasize that the appropriation of women is not for copulation but for procreation, especially to produce male heirs and daughters who can be used as exchanges in cementing political economic alliances with other families (Hinkle, 1994). Indeed, this gender stratification promotes the survival of the species and fulfilling their label to be strong, men even use violence to assert their so-called masculinity, which in any case is portrayed by the sociologists as the more superior specie. But when one takes a closer look into Kinsey’s reports, he or she won’t help but notice an honest existence of a â€Å"third kind† or the second-class citizens as the popular belief says in the persons of the homosexuals (Betancourt Lopez, 1993). For the best information on sexual characteristics, we are indebted to the Kinsey reports. Kinsey’s greatest contribution was the discovery that individual differences in sexual behavior are truly amazing. The reports were designed to give a scientific gloss to the normalization of promiscuity and deviancy. Kinsey’s initial report, released in 1948 stunned the nation by saying that American men were so sexually wild that â€Å"95% of them could be accused of some kind of sexual offense under 1940s laws† (Kinsey et al. , 1948). The report included reports of sexual activity by boys, even babies, and said, â€Å"37% of adult males had had at least one homosexual experience† (Kinsey et al. , 1948). Homosexuality is a preference for an individual of the same sex as a sexual partner. The Alfred C. Kinsey Institute for Sex Research estimates that five to six percent of the adult population is predominantly homosexual. However, since there are so many gradations in sexual behavior and preferences, many sociologists and psychologists take the view that there heterosexual or homosexual practices but not homosexual individuals (Halgin, 2006). In brief, homosexuality and heterosexuality are terms that describe behavior, not the identity of a person. But gender identity confusion can lead to fear of homosexuality. But behavior is not grossly disorganized, nor is functioning impaired if the delusions are not acted out. A gay man or a lesbian may or may not elect to engage in homosexual behavior (Bell and Weinberg, 1998). Father’s Presence A boy prefers the company of boys; his favorite toys are cars and trucks and wants to be a fireman or policeman. The parents treated both the children differently, even though they are technically the same. This shows how parents do seek to socialize children into their gender roles, even if they are doing it unconsciously. Parents provide distinctive environments for boys and girls. They give them different toys and clothes and decorate their rooms differently (Fagot, 1995). They respond negatively to more obvious forms of cross-sex behavior. A very young boy who tries on his mother high-heeled shoes or puts on a dress or lipstick may be regarded with amused tolerance, but such behavior in older children is regarded as outrageous rather than funny. Father reacts especially strongly to any such signs of feminine tendencies in their sons (Nicolosi, 1991). The men may interpret certain kinds of feminine interests or actions as signs of developing homosexual tendencies in their sons and react to their tendencies in the strongest terms (Nicolosi, 1991). Psychologists described the uniformity of reports from literature that gay males had poorer relations with their fathers and concludes, â€Å"Every study reported findings that their relationships with their fathers were unsatisfying with the father variously described as cold, rejecting, indifferent, hostile, or simply distant† (Moberly, 1983). Likewise it was concluded that the homosexuals hurtful relationship with the father results in defensive detachment, which is carried over to relationships with other men. Homosexuality becomes a form of a reparative drive (Nicolosi, 1991) in which the boy seeks a nurturing male relationship to undo the repression and regain the lost father. Significant environmental issues such as the impact of the father-son relationship are indicated as important in the development of adult male homosexual orientation. As scholars suggested, the father-child relationship is one of many crucial elements in the development of any child. Deficits in this area may result in adverse effects to the child’s (and later adult child’s) identification with self as an adult, and this identification is generally considered to be crucial in determining the way in which children and adults form relationships with others (Blankenhorn, 1995). Conversely, boys seemed to conform to the sex-role standards of their culture when their relationships with their fathers were warm, regardless of how masculine the fathers were, even though warmth and intimacy have traditionally been seen as feminine characteristics (Blankenhorn, 1995). Son’s pubertal development was a significant predictor of both information sharing and, to a lesser extent, values sharing, with fathers more likely to talk with sons who had attained more physical development. The father’s recognition of his son’s physical development appears to be an important factor in talking about sexuality. When fathers see their sons maturing physically, they may become aware of the increased possibility of sexual initiation, and this possibility spurs them to discussion of sexual topics (Moberly, 1983). In the movie Billy Elliot, the simple rights of gay people are also advanced. In terms of personality traits, boys are generally aggressive, independent, dominant, competitive, logical, direct, adventurous, self-confident, and ambitious. Boys are described as closemouthed, rough, and sloppy in their habits. Boys do not usually enjoy art and literature, and cannot easily express and find it easy to express their feelings. This is what it means to be masculine in the eyes of biased society. But Billy, more than the fondness for boxing his father wants for him, his natural flair falls for dancing, an art predominantly associated with girls. Most families, like that of Billy, urge boys to be little men even before they have any idea what it means to be a man. As a matter of fact, there is even more pressure on boys to be masculine than on girls to be feminine. They are constantly warned not to act like girls, not cry, not to be sissies. Most people have always considered it worse for a boy to be a sissy than for a girl to be a tomboy. Boys may have to prove themselves by being athletic or by being tough, men by making a lot of money or by being a man’s man in whatever way this is defined by their associates. But the burden of proof is always present. And the burden is heavier than most people think. When cooing to a baby in a crib, they use one tone of voice toward a girl, a different one toward a boy. Mothers look at baby girl more often and talk to her more frequently. By and large, children have been brought up to believe that women should be pretty and preferably slim, while men should be tall and strong (Sheinberg, 2004). This familial stereotyping is even carried on to the bigger world of the boys known as school. In the world that children enter at 6 there is a new adult, the teacher, whose discipline boys must conform to and whose acceptance they must court. Ordinarily the teacher is a woman, like the mother, and children’s behavior toward their mother can be generalized toward her. But boys who are identifying with their father and rebelling against their mother often have trouble in the early grades. They may be less fearful of rejection by the teacher and therefore more reluctant to accept her influence (Sheinberg, 2004). It was also found that father’s age at first intercourse would predict father-son sex-based communication. The rationale was that fathers who were sexually active at an earlier age would remember their experiences and would see their sons as needing information (Moberly, 1983). On the other hand, fathers who had sexual intercourse at a later age may believe it is best to wait, and they may talk with sons to instill this same value, while fathers who had sex at an early age might believe it best to inform their sons about sex in order to prepare them for it (Moberly, 1983). Without a doubt, among African Americans, a father is the most important thing a boy can have in his life. They relate to one another on a level that cannot be achieved through a mother-son relationship. It is important to have communication in the relationship because talking brings the two closer. A father, though, needs to know when to play an active role in his son’s life, and when to be more of an observer. If he mixes the two up, serious repercussions may occur. A father can be the best thing in his son’s life, but he needs to care for the right (Sheinberg, 2004). Masculinity Another expert to have studied sexuality is Margaret Mead. Margaret Mead (1949) edified a good number of Americans about the significance of examining sensitively and plainly at other cultures to better comprehend the intricacies of humanness. She contends that it seems quite probable that nature creates some inborn tendencies. But there is ample proof that heredity alone does not necessarily push men toward being independent and aggressive, nor women toward being passive and submissive (Mead, 1949). In one tribe that Mead studied, both men and women were what we would call highly feminine. Both sexes shunned aggression. Both took care of and nurtured the children. In modern times, girls and women are considered feminine unless they display overwhelming evidence to the contrary, but boys and men have to win the right to be called masculine. They have to prove their masculinity; they have to face and succeed in all kinds of financial, intellectual, sexual, and physical tests. The testing process starts early and continues throughout life (Mead, 1949). In the other tribe, the members of one sex spent all their time applying cosmetics, gossiping, putting, engaging in emotional outbursts, and taking care of the children. Members of the other sex had clean-shaven heads, scorned any makeup or ornamentation, were active and domineering, and provided most of the tribe’s food and other necessities. But the last sentence describes how the women behaved. The preceding sentence, about a fondness for cosmetics and emotional outbursts, describes the men (Mead, 1949). The motives for affiliation and dependency are universal. So are the emotions that accompany them. Society’s demand to suppress them is in effect a demand to transcend humanity. And efforts to do so can never completely succeed. Since it is impossible to program out all emotions, even the most extreme he-man can only approximate the masculine ideal. Thus every man, aware of the stirrings of the softer and weaker emotion he tries so dutifully to hide, is bound to worry about his own masculinity. Otherwise, he is prejudged as gay, a sissy, or a homosexual (Duberman, et al. , 1989). The Religion’s Take The church usually operates with a bureaucratic structure and claims to include most of the members of a society. The difficulties the society has experienced in recent years are reflective of that of the ancient times and have contributed to the resurgence of conservative Christianity (Fisher, et al. , 1994). We have seen in Christie Davies’ Sexual Taboos and Social Boundaries that religion may be a conservative force, impeding modernization and reaffirming traditional authority (Davies, 1982). The bold article tackles Christianity’s bias against such so-called sexual taboos as homosexuality, bestiality, and transvestism in North America and Europe. That is, Christianity is associable with such concepts as hypocrisy, racism, narrow-mindedness and conservativism (Fisher, et al. , 1994). Davies is referring to the passages in the Bible, which state that homosexuality is wrong. These occur most prominently in Deuteronomy. Is it not entirely possible for instance to believe that the Bible is entirely true except those passages which condemn homosexuality which were inserted later by corrupt scribes (Fisher, et al. , 1994). Second, because homosexuals are considered deviants, the religious, military, and political principals find a way to give them a reprehensible image by consolidating their boundaries. The symbolic interactionist perspective has been a useful tool for examining the complexities of this heterosexual-homosexual relationship. Thus, should the roles of certain members of the society depart from the normal conventions bordering on the taboo, as homosexuals have been automatically deemed doing, invariably there are spiteful consequences for their behavior and actions (Fisher, et al. , 1994). And third, Davies argues that the society’s mainstream institutions dictate and shape the homosexuals’ experiences. In large part, they unconsciously build up their sense of reality by the way the society orders its social agendas and structures social alternatives. To the extent that they are locked within the social environment provided by the heterosexual culture, the homosexual segment inhabits a somewhat restricted world outside and is thus considered an external threat to any open social frontier (Fisher, et al. , 1994). Homosexual acts were punishable by death among the ancient Hebrews, but accepted and even admired by the Greeks. Later, the early Christians held that abstinence was the noblest form of sexual behavior, but at about the same time, the Romans were indulging in their famous orgies in the Colosseum (Fisher, et al. , 1994). In England, at the time of Queen Elizabeth, sex was treated with a frankness and frequently with a ribaldry that has no parallel in Western history. A little later, under Queen Victoria, it was regarded with such great circumspection that among some groups of these very same Englishmen, one would hardly have known that coitus ever took place and any falls from propriety were the cause of great scandal and disgrace (Lenski and Lenski, 1999). Moreover, Davies also touches on dehumanization or slavery by way of Christian association. In the Western society, significant segments of the population reject coexistence with minorities in equal terms. Women and homosexuals are subsumed in the list of minorities in the large group of African Americans (Davies, 1982). The current debate suggests that Christianity or any religion for that matter, remains a powerful moving force in Western life. People are not close to resolving how to relate people’s religious lives to their religious lives. Each generation must tackle its own church-state question as Christie Davies does with homosexuality in her article (Davies, 1982). Furthermore, broadly considered, long-term relationship, heterosexual or homosexual, should be considered as families. The social definition of the family as a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption has come to its revolutionary point of reshaping into such as a group of people who love and care or each other regardless of spiritual background or sexual preference (Fisher, et al. , 1994). Some gays and lesbians are married, have children, and lead lives that in most respects are indistinguishable from those of the larger population. However, homosexual adults who have come to terms with their homosexuality, who do not regret their sexual orientation, and who can function effectively sexually and socially, are no more distressed psychologically than are heterosexual men and women (Klonoff Landrine, 2000). Homophobia Few people in the history of Western society have been more scorned, feared, and stigmatized than homosexuals. To put in a more appropriate context, these people who fear, hate, and persecute the homosexuals are homophobic (Kagay, 1999). Gays and lesbians often hold values and beliefs that are different from those of the dominant culture. Because of the controversial nature of being gay or lesbian, and the heavy social proscriptions against it, many individuals are reluctant to â€Å"come out of the closet† or to reveal their membership in this co-culture. As more gays and lesbians identify themselves publicly, they find that their attitudes and communication patterns often clash with people who do not understand the gay and lesbian co-cultures (Vander Zanden, 1995). When the collision involves the arbitrary denial of privilege, prestige, and power to members of the homosexual co-culture whose qualifications are equal to those of members of the dominant group as the heterosexuals, then generally, sociologists can easily label this as discrimination. And when the attitudes of aversion and hostility toward the homosexual co-culture abound because they simply belong to it and hence are presumed to have the objectionable qualities ascribed to it, then the label becomes prejudice (Vander Zanden, 1993). Whereas prejudice is an attitude or a state of mind, discrimination is action. Therefore, phobia as an irrational part of a person’s mentality makes homophobia basically a prejudice that may lead to discrimination but cannot grow to be a form of racism (Klonoff Landrine, 2000). Racism or racialism is a belief in the superiority of some races over others. It also involves prejudice against or hatred of other races. Discriminating behavior is also defining element in racism. Be that as it may, racism is based on none other than racial membership and in this paper’s case, on sexual preference or orientation too. Stereotypically, it is based on the color of the skin, the texture of the hair, the facial features, the stature, and the shape of the heads. Biologists typically view races as populations that differ in the incidence of various hereditary traits. More narrowly, they conceive of a race or subspecies as an inbreeding, geographically isolated population that differs in hereditary traits from other members of the species (Bullough Bullough 1996). Hereditary is the key term. Although there are some floating nature-nurture debate on the tendency to be homosexual, being gay or lesbian is more broadly accepted as a behavior than a heritable peculiarity (Klonoff Landrine, 2000). Homosexuality knows no color or physical feature. Although gays whiten the color of their skin, stretch their hair length, effeminize their facial features, glamorize their stature, or cosmetically alter the shape of their heads, they cannot be classified a race but a co-culture instead (Bell and Weinberg, 1998). Although racial stratification is similar to other systems of stratification in which African Americans are a part of, including gender stratification, in its essential features, there tends to be one major difference. Racial and ethnic groups often have the potential for carving their own independent nation from the existing state (Klonoff Landrine, 2000). Political separatism may offer racial groups a solution that is not available to gender groups. Gender groups typically lack the potential for becoming self-sufficient political states because they do not function as self-sufficient social or economic groups (Vander Zanden, 1995). Homosexuals are a varied group. They are found in all occupational fields, political persuasions, religious faiths, and racial and ethnic groups. Some are married, have children, and lead lives that in most respects are indistinguishable from those of the larger population. Others enter homosexual unions that are relatively durable (Kagay, 1999). In fact, if homosexuality could be considered a part of the gender stratification, then homophobia could even be more appropriately subsumed by the realms of sexism than racism. But the homosexual population cannot be undervalued that a gay joke can testify to their numbers: â€Å"I wonder why gay people multiply. They don’t have any vagina but they seem born twice a straight baby girl’s chance. † In many modern nations, the members of some groups participate in the main culture of the society while simultaneously sharing with one another a number of unique values, norms, traditions, and lifestyles. These cultural patterns are termed a co-culture (Vander Zanden, 1993). African American co-cultures that have become prominent in the United States partly because of their numbers and partly because of their lack of subscription to many of the mainstream beliefs, attitudes, and values. Although there are many co-cultures in the United States, the homosexual culture has become increasingly prominent because of their demands for equality.

A Report On Dabur India IT Systems Information Technology Essay

A Report On Dabur India IT Systems Information Technology Essay Dabur India Limited is Indias fourth largest consumer packaged goods company in India. They offer a wide range of specialization in health care products, personal care and food care products. Over the years, Dabur has clearly maintained its monopoly as one of the prime leaders in Indias fastest moving and developing fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). The dominance of Dadur was such that it was impossible for the Indian public to do away with their products- May it be their Chvanyaprash, honey or Glucon-D or for that matter even their dantmanjan or their shampoos. Today Dabur is arguably the worlds largest leader in ayurveda with a portfolio of over 250 herbal/ayurvedic products. It includes five flagship brands with distinct identity as their FMCG portfolio. Dabur today operates in key consumer products categories like  Hair Care, Oral Care, Health Care, Skin Care, Home Care  and  Foods. The company has a wide distribution network, covering over  2.8 million retail outlets  with a high penetration in both urban and rural markets. It has always been a challenge for Dabur to keep moving at pace with which the Information Technology (IT) sector is moving, but over the past few years the investments put in for IT by Dabur is enormous and noteworthy. Some of the IT initiatives implemented by Dabur was high appreciative- They migrated from using baan and mfg ERP systems to centralized ERP systems from 1st April 2006 in all its business units. It implemented a country wide new WAN infrastructure for running centralized ERP system. It also rolled out many new IT services to its new plants and CFAs. The prime objective of this assignment is to study the use of ERP in Dabur India Limited. A detailed analysis is given below Daburs IT initiative Dabur India has always been a firm believer in technology. To some extent, the vast use of information technology by Dabur has helped them to spread their distribution system across India and all over the world. It has also helped them to cut down on cost and increase profitability. Some of the major IT initiatives of Dabur are- Dabur implemented SAP ERP system from April 2006 for all its business units, a more advanced ERP system than the earlier Baan and Mfg ERP system. Installed a country wide WAN infrastructure for running centralized ERP system. They opened up their new data centre at KCO head office. Extension of reach system to distributors for capturing secondary sales data. Some of the future plans for Dabur are mainly focused on SAP ERP system. Integration with distributors and stockists using SAP Backward integration of SAP with suppliers. Implementation of SAP HR and pay roll. SAP ERP system ERP is a software which is pre dominantly designed to felicitate ease of enterprise operations. MYSAP is the most commonly used application of SAP by Dabur India. Normally ERP software does not discharge the functions properly if the organization does not adapt to the change. The possibility of the problems may be from technical to managerial. MYSAP is one such application from SAP which is designed in overcoming the above mentioned drawbacks. It is also compactable to all functions in an organization. It also helps in better performance and better integration. The main advantages of a MYSAP application are It is Transparent and flexible application- This can be easily accessed by any staff in the organization, from the top management to the technicians. Arguably this system boosts the morale of the employees and results in better performance. A complete understandable solution- This system includes almost all part of the organization like reengineering, organizational dynamic etc. This in turn makes the job of the vendor easier. Helps to achieve good governance- MYSAP ERP provides the necessary inducement thus helping the organization in good governance. It also provides some special applications that help the management to keep track of the functions performed and also monitor the financial transactions. It also helps the organization to take quick and effective decisions. It also helps in cost reduction Reduction of risks. It also felicitates good overall business transformation. SAP-A Boost to Dabur India A study conducted by Accenture states that high performance business invest in the state of art IT like ERP software are the most important in order to be able to leverage it for strategic cost management and effective collaborations with the customers. Dabur has linked its corporate headquarters, 12 manufacturing units and 30 distribution centers with SAP ERP system. They had a three phase ERP improvement model- Correcting the transactional and management information systems. Conducting change management and synchronizing its business processes with reliaties in an ERP context. Developing value realization project. The use of SAP ERP system was immense such that they even developed a web based demand planning and trade promotion forecasting tools and installed point of sale software at select retail outputs. This helped Dabur to integrate with the customers into its IT network and gather real time market information that would result in better sales. Dabur has been immensely successful in implementing strategic and operational changes which have led to much higher amount of performance. The shoot up of their annual sales was noteworthy. Their profits too increased by a considerable amount. It even developed a new sales force structure which has enhanced productivity. These initiatives are slowly allowing Dabur to leverage IT as a strategic asset and are ensuring a constant availability of IT talent regardless of business demands. It is to be noted that all of these efforts are aimed at achieving operational excellence and performance. SAP has helped Dabur in identifying opportunities based on consumer needs, tailoring product for that people and expanding with the segment, retaining its overall leadership position. Dabur India has tied up with Countrys leading IT provider Accenture, both these companies are designing an application outsourcing approach thus transforming application development and maintenance to help themselves to achieve performance. Conclusion By implementing a SAP ERP system, Dabur India has helped itself in retaining the position as a growing leader in the fast moving consumer goods section (FMCG). Its move to disable the baan and Mfg ERP was seen as a highly innovative move. This has also enabled them for better sales forecasting and improvement in their sales after the implementation of SAP raised several eye brows. The move to make this system available for all the employees starting from the top management to the bottom strata has what made Dabur distinguish itself from the other companies in the FMCG sector. With the implementation of MYSAP, Dabur has been able to make some very important strategic decisions and thus increasing its productivity. As mentioned above, implementation of ERP has helped Dabur to increase its productivity; it means that there is obvious, rise in profitability too as both is directly proportional. One may say that the ultimate strength of Dabur is they are keeping themselves with latest happenings across the IT field. They even plan to integrate distributors and stake holders using SAP. The most challenging part from Dabur would be link HR with SAP. They are planning to implement a SAP HR and pay roll pattern. All the above mentioned initiatives would enable Dabur grow even bigger as what it is now and become a global leader in the FMCG sector.