The civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay Example For Students

The civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay An Analysis of Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee When a person, who is a citizen of this country, thinks about civil rights, they often they about the Civil Rights Movement which took place in this nation during mid 11950s and primarily through the 1960s. They think about the marches, sit-ins, boycotts, and other demonstrations that took place during that period. They also think about influential people during that period such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Medgar Evers, John Lewis, Rosa parks, and other people who made contributions during that movement which change the course of societys was of life in America. We will write a custom essay on The civil rights movement in tuskegee specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In some people view, the Civil Rights Movement began when the Supreme Court rendered their decision in Brown vs. Education, or when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Bus and the Montgomery Bus-Boycott began. However, the Civil Rights Movement had already begun in several cities in the South. This was the case for the citizens of African descent of the city of Tuskegee. In his book, Reaping the Whirlwind: The civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay, Robert James Norrell clearly points out that the Negro citizens of Tuskegee had begun to fight for their Civil Rights in 1870. By reading this book, one could infer that his purpose for writing it would be to inform his readers how the Negro Citizens of the City of Tuskegee gained their right as citizens in which they were entitled to enjoy. He particularly emphasized how they would demand for their right to vote as it is spelled out in the Constitution of this great nation. He also tells the story about power. How whites tried to keep control of their society and blacks kept seeking more independence. The subject of the book was how black votes could change the way of living in a community that was accustom to white supremacy. It focused on people who were a threat to whites being in control. Anybody who tried to change the way of living in the interests of whites of that time in the Tuskegee was considered a threat to their society. Primary questions and issues that were raised were why could not the Negro citizens of the Tuskegee community enjoy the rights that the Constitution of the United States had given them to enjoy. It was because the heartiness of whites who who lived during that time who could not accept the fact that Negroes are no longer considered to be property. It was hard for them rationalize that Negroes are indeed humans and should be treated as such and thus should have the right to enjoy life by utilizing their rights which were given to them. In fact, Congress had to pass several pieces of legislation to spell out specifically what those rights were so they could no longer be assumed as they previously were. The issue that was primarily discussed throughout the book was the right to vote and for Negroes to hold political offices. For some reason it was hard for people of European descent to see blacks equal to their capabilities. An example of this would be James Alston returned home from a Republican Party meeting, late one Saturday night at the Negro Zion Church in Tuskegee. Alston was the leader of the local black Republicans and also represented Macon County in the Alabama Legislature. As he and his wife were going to bed, gunfire was blasted through their house like hail. Alston was struck in the back and hip and his wife, who was pregnant at the time, was hit in the foot. Incredibly, nobody was seriously injured in which more than three hundred-buckshot holes were counted. J. .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 , .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .postImageUrl , .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 , .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:hover , .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:visited , .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:active { border:0!important; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:active , .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81 .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u789a75a183c68f69708825290fbd8d81:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Langston Hughes Essay Thesis T. Menifee, who was the county general and probate judge who was a Republican aligned with the Democrats made it absolutely clear that how white felt about blacks holding political offices. He made a stern warning on Saturday night events very clear: a nigger couldnt hold no office in this county no longer. (p. 4). He later he told Alston that he was going to be shot and that a nigger wasnt fit for nothing else than to drive oxen, . The civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay Example For Students The civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay An Analysis of Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee When a person, who is a citizen of this country, thinks about civil rights, they often they about the Civil Rights Movement which took place in this nation during mid 11950s and primarily through the 1960s. They think about the marches, sit-ins, boycotts, and other demonstrations that took place during that period. They also think about influential people during that period such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Medgar Evers, John Lewis, Rosa parks, and other people who made contributions during that movement which change the course of societys was of life in America. We will write a custom essay on The civil rights movement in tuskegee specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In some people view, the Civil Rights Movement began when the Supreme Court rendered their decision in Brown vs. Education, or when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Bus and the Montgomery Bus-Boycott began. However, the Civil Rights Movement had already begun in several cities in the South. This was the case for the citizens of African descent of the city of Tuskegee. In his book, Reaping the Whirlwind: The civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay, Robert James Norrell clearly points out that the Negro citizens of Tuskegee had begun to fight for their Civil Rights in 1870. By reading this book, one could infer that his purpose for writing it would be to inform his readers how the Negro Citizens of the City of Tuskegee gained their right as citizens in which they were entitled to enjoy. He particularly emphasized how they would demand for their right to vote as it is spelled out in the Constitution of this great nation. He also tells the story about power. How whites tried to keep control of their society and blacks kept seeking more independence. The subject of the book was how black votes could change the way of living in a community that was accustom to white supremacy. It focused on people who were a threat to whites being in control. Anybody who tried to change the way of living in the interests of whites of that time in the Tuskegee was considered a threat to their society. Primary questions and issues that were raised were why could not the Negro citizens of the Tuskegee community enjoy the rights that the Constitution of the United States had given them to enjoy. It was because the heartiness of whites who who lived during that time who could not accept the fact that Negroes are no longer considered to be property. It was hard for them rationalize that Negroes are indeed humans and should be treated as such and thus should have the right to enjoy life by utilizing their rights which were given to them. In fact, Congress had to pass several pieces of legislation to spell out specifically what those rights were so they could no longer be assumed as they previously were. The issue that was primarily discussed throughout the book was the right to vote and for Negroes to hold political offices. For some reason it was hard for people of European descent to see blacks equal to their capabilities. An example of this would be James Alston returned home from a Republican Party meeting, late one Saturday night at the Negro Zion Church in Tuskegee. Alston was the leader of the local black Republicans and also represented Macon County in the Alabama Legislature. As he and his wife were going to bed, gunfire was blasted through their house like hail. Alston was struck in the back and hip and his wife, who was pregnant at the time, was hit in the foot. Incredibly, nobody was seriously injured in which more than three hundred-buckshot holes were counted. J. .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a , .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .postImageUrl , .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a , .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:hover , .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:visited , .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:active { border:0!important; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:active , .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u89681b2f11e74e8c8244cf6f6c6c1e7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Night Essay Thesis T. Menifee, who was the county general and probate judge who was a Republican aligned with the Democrats made it absolutely clear that how white felt about blacks holding political offices. He made a stern warning on Saturday night events very clear: a nigger couldnt hold no office in this county no longer.; (p. 4). He later he told Alston that he was going to be shot and that ;a nigger wasnt fit for nothing else than to drive oxen, . the civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay Example For Students the civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay An Analysis of Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee When a person, who is a citizen of this country, thinks about civil rights, they often they about the Civil Rights Movement which took place in this nation during mid 11950s and primarily through the 1960s. They think about the marches, sit-ins, boycotts, and other demonstrations that took place during that period. They also think about influential people during that period such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Medgar Evers, John Lewis, Rosa parks, and other people who made contributions during that movement which change the course of societys was of life in America. We will write a custom essay on the civil rights movement in tuskegee specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In some people view, the Civil Rights Movement began when the Supreme Court rendered their decision in Brown vs. Education, or when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Bus and the Montgomery Bus-Boycott began. However, the Civil Rights Movement had already begun in several cities in the South. This was the case for the citizens of African descent of the city of Tuskegee. In his book, Reaping the Whirlwind: the civil rights movement in tuskegee Essay, Robert James Norrell clearly points out that the Negro citizens of Tuskegee had begun to fight for their Civil Rights in 1870. By reading this book, one could infer that his purpose for writing it would be to inform his readers how the Negro Citizens of the City of Tuskegee gained their right as citizens in which they were entitled to enjoy. He particularly emphasized how they would demand for their right to vote as it is spelled out in the Constitution of this great nation. He also tells the story about power. How whites tried to keep control of their society and blacks kept seeking more independence. The subject of the book was how black votes could change the way of living in a community that was accustom to white supremacy. It focused on people who were a threat to whites being in control. Anybody who tried to change the way of living in the interests of whites of that time in the Tuskegee was considered a threat to their society. Primary questions and issues that were raised were why could not the Negro citizens of the Tuskegee community enjoy the rights that the Constitution of the United States had given them to enjoy. It was because the heartiness of whites who who lived during that time who could not accept the fact that Negroes are no longer considered to be property. It was hard for them rationalize that Negroes are indeed humans and should be treated as such and thus should have the right to enjoy life by utilizing their rights which were given to them. In fact, Congress had to pass several pieces of legislation to spell out specifically what those rights were so they could no longer be assumed as they previously were. The issue that was primarily discussed throughout the book was the right to vote and for Negroes to hold political offices. For some reason it was hard for people of European descent to see blacks equal to their capabilities. An example of this would be James Alston returned home from a Republican Party meeting, late one Saturday night at the Negro Zion Church in Tuskegee. Alston was the leader of the local black Republicans and also represented Macon County in the Alabama Legislature. As he and his wife were going to bed, gunfire was blasted through their house like hail. Alston was struck in the back and hip and his wife, who was pregnant at the time, was hit in the foot. Incredibly, nobody was seriously injured in which more than three hundred-buckshot holes were counted. J. .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 , .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .postImageUrl , .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 , .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:hover , .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:visited , .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:active { border:0!important; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:active , .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939 .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56b3c95e06475638895d89417ee2d939:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Veteran interview Essay T. Menifee, who was the county general and probate judge who was a Republican aligned with the Democrats made it absolutely clear that how white felt about blacks holding political offices. He made a stern warning on Saturday night events very clear: a nigger couldnt hold no office in this county no longer. (p. 4). He later he told Alston that he was going to be shot and that a nigger wasnt fit for nothing else than to drive oxen, .

Conch Facts

Conch Facts A queen conch (Lobatus  gigas) is an invertebrate mollusk that produces what many people think of as the iconic seashell. This shell is often sold as a souvenir, and its said you can hear the sound of ocean waves if you put a conch (pronounced konk,) shell to your ear (although what youre actually hearing is your own pulse). Fast Facts: Conch Scientific Name: Lobatus gigasCommon Names: Queen conch, pink conchBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 6–12 inchesWeight: Up to 5 poundsLifespan: 30 yearsDiet:  HerbivoreHabitat: Off coastlines adjacent to the Caribbean SeaConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Conchs are mollusks, marine snails that build elaborate shells as a home and a form of protection from predators. The shell of the queen conch or pink conch shell ranges in size from about six inches to 12 inches in length. It has between nine and 11 whorls on the protruding spire. In adults, the expanding lip points outward, rather than curving inward, and the last whorl has a strong spiral sculpture on its surface. Very rarely the conch may produce a pearl. The adult queen conch has a very heavy shell, with a brown horny organic exterior cover (called periostracum) and a bright pink interior.  The shell is strong, thick, and very attractive, and is used to make shell tools, as ballast, to form jewelry. It is often sold unmodified as a collectible and the animal is also fished and sold for its meat. Damocean/Getty Images Species There are over 60 species of sea snails, all of which have medium- to large-sized (14 inches) shells. In many species, the shell is elaborate and colorful. All conchs are in the Kingdom: Animalia, the Phylum: Mollusca, and the Class: Gastropoda. True conchs like the queen are gastropods in the family Strombidae. The general term conch is also applied to other taxonomic families, such as the Melongenidae, which include the melon and crown conchs. The queen conchs scientific name was Strombus gigas until 2008 when it was changed to Lobatus  gigas to reflect current taxonomy. Habitat and Distribution The conch species live in tropical waters throughout the world, including the Caribbean, West Indies, and the Mediterranean. They live in relatively shallow waters, including reef and seagrass habitats. Queen conchs live in several different habitat types in the Caribbean, along the Gulf coasts of Florida and Mexico, and in South America. At different depths and aquatic vegetation, their shells have different morphologies, different spine patterns, and various overall lengths and spire shape. The samba conch is the same species as the queen, but compared to a typical queen conch, the samba lives in a shallow environment, is much shorter and very thickly shelled with a darker periostracum layer. Diet and Behavior Conchs are herbivores that eat sea grass and algae as well as dead material. In turn, they are eaten by loggerhead sea turtles, horse conchs, and humans. A queen conch can grow to be over a foot long and can live for as long as 30 years- other species have been known to live to 40 or more. Queen conch diets, like most of the conchs in the family, are herbivorous. Larvae and juveniles feed mainly on algae and plankton, but as growing subadults, they develop a long snout that allows them to select and consume bigger pieces of algae, and as juveniles they feed on seagrass. Adult conchs wander for miles instead of staying in one place. Rather than swimming, they use their feet to lift and and then throw their bodies forward. Conchs also are good climbers. The average home range of a queen conch varies from a third of an acre to nearly 15 acres. They move within their range at the greatest speed in the summer during their reproductive season, when males search for mates and females look for egg-laying habitats. They are social creatures and reproduce best in aggregations. Reproduction and Offspring Queen conchs reproduce sexually and can spawn year-round, depending on latitude and water temperature- in some locations, females migrate from offshore feeding areas in the winter to summer spawning grounds. Females can store fertilized eggs for weeks and multiple males can fertilize any single egg mass during that time. The eggs are laid in shallow coastal waters with sandy substrates. Up to 10 million eggs can be laid by a single individual each spawning season, depending on the availability of food.  Ã‚   Eggs hatch after four days and the planktonic larvae (known as veligers) drift with the current for between 14 to 60 days. After reaching lengths of about a half-inch, they sink to the sea bottom and hide. There they morph into juvenile forms and grow to about a 4-inch length. Finally, they move into nearby seagrass beds, where they aggregate in masses and stay until sexually mature. That happens at about 3.5 years of age when they reach their maximum adult length and their outer lips are at least 0.3–0.4 inches thick. After the queen conch reaches maturity, the shell stops growing in length but continues to grow in breadth and its outer lip begins to expand. The animal itself also stops growing, except for its sexual organs which continue to grow in size. The lifespan of a queen conch is approximately 30 years. Conservation Status The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has not as yet evaluated conchs for their status. But conchs are edible, and in many cases, have been overharvested for meat and also for souvenir shells. In the 1990s, queen conchs were listed in Appendix II under the  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) agreement, regulating international trade. Queen conchs are also harvested for their meat in other areas of the Caribbean where they are not yet endangered. Much of this meat is sold to the United States. Live conchs are also sold for use in aquariums. Sources Boman, Erik Maitz, et al. Variability in Size at Maturity and Reproductive Season of Queen Conch Lobatus Gigas (Gastropoda: Strombidae) in the Wider Caribbean Region. Fisheries Research 201 (2018): 18–25. Print.Final Status Report: Queen Conch Biological Assessment. Peer Review Plans, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), 2014.Kough, A. S., et al. Efficacy of an Established Marine Protected Area at Sustaining a Queen Conch Lobatus Gigas Population During Three Decades of Monitoring. Marine Ecology Progress Series 573 (2017): 177–89. Print.Stoner, Allan W., et al. Maturation and Age in Queen Conch (Strombus Gigas): Urgent Need for Changes in Harvest Criteria. Fisheries Research 131-133 (2012): 76–84. Print.Tiley, Katie, Mark A. Freeman, and Michelle M. Dennis. Pathology and Reproductive Health of Queen Conch (Lobatus Gigas) in St. Kitts. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 155 (2018): 32–37. Print.

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Human Resources - Essay Example This paper is going to unveil various recommendations for how organization should staff its operations by focusing on decisions pertaining to staffing levels and quality. Taking into account the Tanglewood case study, which is a chain of retail stores featuring items such as clothing, appliances, electronics, and decor we realise that Tanglewood retail stores have taken into consideration the aspect of quality, durability and as well taking care of the customer’s preferences. For an organization such as Tangle to staff its operations by focusing on decisions pertaining to staffing levels and quality, a mission statement should be availed to act as guidance as far as effective service delivery is of concern. A mission is termed as an action statement that gives customers an overview on how the prevailing organization like in our case Tanglewood works towards realizing its vision. Tanglewood have executed its mandate through visionary actions and this is evidence through its statement that states that â€Å"We are committed as a company to providing maximum value to our customers, shareholders, and employees. We will accomplish this goal by adhering to the core values of responsible financial management, clear and honest communication, and always keeping performance and customer service in the forefront† Every emerging business globally is characterized by a dream and a vision. In order to progress and grow financial for the purpose of profit maximization, it is not the matter of summing up money but incurs taking into consideration customers preferences and serving them well (Rothwell, and Stavros, and Sullivan, and Sullivan, 23-27). For an organization such Tanglewood to succeed well, core values should be unveiled. The aspect of underpin works when the prevailed philosophy of business is taken into account and core principals executed as well. Going by the history of Tanglewood, its process of growth has been quick in the last 5 years. Various reason

Business Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Environments - Essay Example Hanafizadeh, Kazazi and Azam (2011) assert that in scenario planning, various scenarios are considered in the decisions of company management which involves making long term plans for the organization. Managers consider laying plans which are flexible enough to enable the company to adapt to the changes in the legal, economic, political, social cultural and environmental scenarios within a market. The role of scenario planning is to remove the uncertainties which face the business processes as explained by Mason (2003). In this regard, it is explained that scenario planning enables managers to make flexible long term plans which enable an organization to make use of the business opportunities in the business market while reducing the risks associated with the various uncertainties of conducting business in a competitive environment. This paper gives a critical analysis of the various scenarios which managers of an organization consider in scenario planning with an aim of illustrating how this planning enables organizations to survive the competitive global business environment. According to Mason (2003), scenario planning begins with the decision of company management on the most suitable and most appropriate drivers which enable the organization to make the most effective changes for the survival of the uncertain business environment. ... As such organizations must decide on necessary changes within the organization which will enable it to meet the demands of the culturally diverse work force. Mason (2003) points out that the human resource are the drivers of change within an organization, as a result, the management must make decisions which will ensure that the strategic plans meet the needs of the organization. Such planning must be within the social and cultural scenario of the business environment. This is to ensure that the social needs of the employees are met by the organization. These needs include a suitable working environment and a communication and relationship enhancing working conditions. Schoemaker (1995) exemplifies that strategic decisions and planning of adoption and implementation of technological techniques which will enhance the communication process of the work environment. This means that the employees or subordinates will be allowed to have an enhanced communication and relationships among the mselves and the management. This is a process of a social cultural scenario planning through a planning process which ensures that suitable decisions are made to enable the employee needs to be met in the most suitable manner. Hanafizadeh, Kazazi and Azam (2011) explain that the importance which is made on the employees as the drivers of change is attributed to the fact that the workforce of any organization comprises of the most important stakeholder of business success. This is demonstrated by the fact that it is the employees who enable organizations to achieve innovation, creativity and increased production and thus competitiveness in the business environment. Tenaglia and Noonan (1992) assert that in scenario planning, companies must bring the drivers of change

LAN & WAN Design Essay Example for Free

LAN WAN Design Essay A little bit of background follows. Crystal Limited is an award winning design consultancy with many years experience in creating hotel, leisure and retail environments for design led clients worldwide. The company is currently experiencing growth and is opening new offices in major UK locations. Funding has been released for improvements to its network services. A key requirement is the network design should provide a high level of reliability and scalability to meet the needs of future growth. Ethernet hubs are typically used to connect workstations to the network, and the Nottingham, Liverpool, Leeds and Derby offices are equipped with a modern cabling infrastructure which is adequate for supporting a modern campus network. However the Manchester headquarters uses a legacy category 3 cabling infrastructure which was pre-installed in the building. Employees at the Manchester site report frequent problems with performance and network failures. Each site has a single flat IP address space. Currently, Crystal Limited has a contract with a single ISP. The current link is a 2 Mbps circuit provisioned to the Manchester headquarters. The ISP has assigned a subnet of 201. 19. 0. 0/29 for the internet connection. The Crystal router should be configured with the highest usable address within the subnet. The ISP router has been configured with the lowest usable address. Crystal uses the Internet connection for web browsing and corporate e-mail. The corporate e-mail server should be situated inside a separate subnet attached to the Crystal perimeter router. It should be reachable from the Internet at a fixed address. 2. Proposed Approach Crystal Limited requires a design for a major network upgrade. The solution should support current levels of staff and a projected increase of 25% over the next year. High availability is a key requirement, so it is expected that redundancy will be factored into the design of the solution. The design should include both LAN and WAN infrastructures, a network addressing scheme which covers the entire solution and routing protocols. There are some specific additional requirements which must be incorporated into the proposal. Crystal Limited are requesting you provide a Network Design Document for a solution which meets the requirements below. A good response like the one below not just say what or how, but it also states why. In other words it attempts to: fully explain and justify important design and implementation decisions; look at alternatives; and even explain why something does not work, and in a commercial context often, it is asked, why us? The element of explaining â€Å"why† implicitly provides one with a vehicle to demonstrate one’s expertise and knowledge. The response below will also set out important assumptions that have been made, identification of important limitations with the following solutions (e. g. requirements not met), and even unique features and additional advantages should be examined which are offered by these proposed solutions. The following is a narrative that provides easy traceability to customer requirements. †¢ The ability to: conceal the details of the customers’ addressing scheme from the internet, allow web browsing; allow for the corporate e-mail server to be reachable on the Internet. This will be achieved by making sure an effective plan is put in place so that customers’ information can be protected. The addressing scheme can be placed on a server on the Internet so that any information is password-protected. In this way, many people will be able to use the system without fear of retribution or having to worry that someone else will access their information. Many times what is necessary in order to protect a network is the ability to make sure that it is secure in every sense of the word. Firewalls should be used in order to ensure that there are no malicious malwares or annoying pop-ups on the server. This would allow for a decent amount of web browsing in a safe manner for all users who would be employed at Crystal. Safe web browsing is important in any kind of company structure. In order to proffer web browsing that is safe for the entire company, it is important to lay groundwork or rules as to how company Internet usage can be utilized. First of all, employees should be made aware of the fact that certain web sites are banned from being viewed, such as any web site which has pornographic or otherwise inappropriate content. Secondly, employees should be made aware of the dangers of opening attachments from any outside third parties. Many a computer virus or worm has been spread through one person’s opening of attachments. That is why it is important to stress to employees the necessity of not opening attachments. The corporate e-mail server will also be able to be available on the Internet through creating a LAN network that would be for the various corporate offices individually. Then, a WAN network would be created in order to unite all the LAN’s that would be created for the company’s individual offices. The corporate e-mail would be on a main server at some remote location. This would be so that if there were ever any type of problem, the server could be easily accessed. The difference between LAN’s and WAN’s will be discussed later on in the paper. †¢ A resilient wide area infrastructure which will allow each site to connect to the Manchester headquarters should there be a failure in the leased line network shown above. In the event of a link failure the network should be able to begin using an alternate link within 10 seconds. There should definitely be a link that the server could revert to should the main site being maintained should fail. †¢ A design for a cabling infrastructure which will solve the current problems within the Manchester office. A cabling infrastructure would have to be designed which would not be very invasive and addressed all the problems corollary to this type of set-up. †¢ The network addressing scheme should be based upon a class B network address which will not clash with existing addresses already used by organizations connected to the Internet. The addressing scheme should be adequate to provide addressing for the projected staff numbers mentioned above – however the customer would like the remainder of the address space to be conserved for future use. Please note that the addressing scheme must cover all local area segments and wide area links. The addressing scheme should be varied enough not to clash with other networks, but should be distinct enough so that the company’s addressing scheme is separate from the others. †¢ Traffic from each department should be logically separated from other departments. Your LAN solution should allow the movement of users from one physical location to another within their building. Such a move should not require IP settings to be reconfigured on the users’ workstation. IP settings should be discretely separated and used as needed. Web traffic should be encouraged but each office’s traffic should be separated. The LAN should be set up in such a way so that users are not confined to one place in the computer lab, but can actually move around without fear that their information will be compromised. †¢ Network diagrams which show the layer 3 topology of the WAN and LANs, (including active networking devices).

Direct and iterative method

Direct and iterative method INTRODUCTION TO DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD Many important practical problems give rise to systems of linear equations written as the matrix equation Ax = c, where A is a given n Ãâ€" nnonsingular matrix and c is an n-dimensional vector; the problem is to find an n-dimensional vector x satisfying equation . Such systems of linear equations arise mainly from discrete approximations of partial differential equations. To solve them, two types of methods are normally used: direct methods and iterative methods. Directapproximate the solution after a finite number of floating point operations. Since computer floating point operations can only be obtained to a given precision, the computed solution is usually different from the exact solution. When a square matrix A is large and sparse, solving Ax = c by direct methods can be impractical, and iterative methods become a viable alternative. Iterative methods, based on splitting A into A = M−N, compute successive approximations x(t) to obtain more accurate solutions to a linear system at each iteration step t. This process can be written in the form of the matrix equation x(t) = Gx(t−1) + g, where an n Ãâ€" n matrix G = M−1N is the iteration matrix. The iteration process is stopped when some predefined criterion is satisfied; the obtained vector x(t) is an approximation to the solution. Iterative methods of this form are called linear stationary iterative methods of the first degree. The method is of the first degree because x(t) depends explicitly only on x(t−1) and not on x(t−2), . . . , x(0). The method is linear because neither G nor g depends on x(t−1), and it is stationary because neither G nor g depends on t. In this book, we also consider linear stationary iterative methods of the second degree, represented by the matrix equation x(t) = Mx(t−1) − Nx(t−2) + h. HISTORY OF DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD Ø Direct methods to solve linear systems Direct methods for solving the linear systems with the Gauss elimination method is given byCarl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855). Thereafter the Choleski gives method for symmetric positive definite matrices. Ø Iterative methods for non-linear equations The Newton_Raphson method is an iterative method to solve nonlinear equations. The method is defined byIsaac Newton (1643-1727)andJoseph Raphson (1648-1715). Ø Iterative methods for linear equations The standard iterative methods, which are used are the Gauss-Jacobi and the Gauss-Seidel method.Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)is a very famous mathematician working on abstract and applied mathematics.Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804-1851)is well known for instance for the Jacobian the determinant of the matrix of partial derivatives. He has also done work on iterative methods leading to the Gauss-Jacobi method. Another iterative method is the Chebyshev method. This method is based on orthogonal polynomials bearing the name ofPafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894). The Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel method use a very simple polynomial to approximate the solution. In the Chebyshev method an optimal polynomial is used. DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD Direct methods compute the solution to a problem in a finite number of steps. These methods would give the precise answer if they were performed ininfinite precision arithmetic. Examples includeGaussian elimination, theQRfactorization method for solvingsystems of linear equations, and thesimplex methodoflinear programming. In contrast to direct methods,iterative methodsare not expected to terminate in a number of steps. Starting from an initial guess, iterative methods form successive approximations thatconvergeto the exact solution only in the limit. Aconvergence criterionis specified in order to decide when a sufficiently accurate solution has (hopefully) been found. Even using infinite precision arithmetic these methods would not reach the solution within a finite number of steps (in general). Examples includeNewtons method, thebisection method, andJacobi iteration. In computational matrix algebra, iterative methods are generally needed for large problems. Iterative methods are more common than direct methods in numerical analysis. Some methods are direct in principle but are usually used as though they were not, e.g.GMRESand theconjugate gradient method. For these methods the number of steps needed to obtain the exact solution is so large that an approximation is accepted in the same manner as for an iterative method. In the case of asystem of linear equations, the two main classes of iterative methods are thestationary iterative methods, and the more generalKrylov subspacemethods. Ø Stationary iterative methods Stationary iterative methods solve a linear system with anoperatorapproximating the original one; and based on a measurement of the error (the residual), form acorrection equationfor which this process is repeated. While these methods are simple to derive, implement, and analyse, convergence is only guaranteed for a limited class of matrices. Examples of stationary iterative methods are theJacobi method,Gauss–Seidel methodand theSuccessive over-relaxation method. Ø Krylov subspace methods Krylov subspacemethods form anorthogonal basisof the sequence of successive matrix powers times the initial residual (theKrylov sequence). The approximations to the solution are then formed by minimizing the residual over the subspace formed. The prototypical method is theconjugate gradient method(CG). Other methods are the generalized minimal residual method and the biconjugate gradient method EXAMPLE OF DIRECT METHOD GAUSS ELIMINATION METHOD :- Inlinear algebra,Gaussian eliminationmethod is analgorithmfor solvingsystems of linear equations, finding therankof amatrix, and calculating the inverse of aninvertible square matrix. Gaussian elimination is named after German mathematician and scientistCarl Friedrich Gauss. Elementary row operationsare used to reduce a matrix torow echelon form.Gauss–Jordan elimination, an extension of this algorithm, reduces the matrix further toreduced row echelon form. Gaussian elimination alone is sufficient for many applications. EXAMPLE Suppose that our goal is to find and describe the solution(s), if any, of the followingsystem of linear equations: The algorithm is as follows :eliminate x from all equations below L1 and then eliminate y from all equations below L2 .This will form a triangular form.Using the back substitution Each unknown can be solved . In the example, x is eliminated from l2 by adding 3/2L1to L2. X is then eliminatedmfrom L3 by adding L1 to L3 The result is: Nowyis eliminated fromL3by adding− 4L2toL3: The result is: This result is a system of linear equations in triangular form, and so the first part of the algorithm is complete.The second part, back-substitution, consists of solving for the unknowns in reverse order. It can be seen that Then,zcan be substituted intoL2, which can then be solved to obtain Next,zandycan be substituted intoL1, which can be solved to obtain The system is solved. Some systems cannot be reduced to triangular form, yet still have at least one valid solution: for example, ifyhad not occurred inL2andL3after the first step above, the algorithm would be unable to reduce the system to triangular form. However, it would still have reduced the system toechelon form. In this case, the system does not have a unique solution, as it contains at least onefree variable. The solution set can then be expressed parametrically . In practice, one does not usually deal with the systems in terms of equations but instead makes use of theaugmented matrix(which is also suitable for computer manipulations). The Gaussian Elimination algorithm applied to theaugmented matrixof the system above, beginning with:which, at the end of the first part of the algorithm That is, it is inrow echelon form. At the end of the algorithm, if theGauss–Jordan eliminationis applied: That is, it is inreduced row echelon form, or row canonical form. EXAMPLE OF ITERATIVE METHOD OF SOLUTION A. JACOB METHOD :- The Jacobi method is a method of solving amatrix equationon a matrix that has no zeros along its main diagonal (Bronshtein and Semendyayev 1997, p.892). Each diagonal element is solved for, and an approximate value taken in. The process is then iterated until it converges. This algorithm is a stripped-down version of theJacobi transformationmethod ofmatrix diagonalization. The Jacobi method is easily derived by examining each of the equations in thelinear system of equationsAx=b in isolation. If, in theith equation solve for the value ofwhile assuming the other entries ofremain fixed. This gives which is the Jacobi method. In this method, the order in which the equations are examined is irrelevant, since the Jacobi method treats them independently. The definition of the Jacobi method can be expressed withmatricesas B. Stationary Iterative Methods Iterative methods that can be expressed in the simple form Where neighter B nor c depend upon the iterative count k) are called stationary iterative method. The four main stationary iterative method : the Jacobi method, the Gauss Seidel method ,Successive Overrelaxation method and the symmetric Successive Overrelaxation method C. The Gauss-Seidel Method We are considering an iterative solution to the linear system where is ansparse matrix,xandbare vectors of lengthn, and we are solving forx. Iterative solvers are an alternative to direct methods that attempt to calculate an exact solution to the system of equations. Iterative methods attempt to find a solution to the system of linear equations by repeatedly solving the linear system using approximations to the vector. Iterations continue until the solution is within a predetermined acceptable bound on the error. Iterative methods for general matrices include the Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel, while conjugate gradient methods exist for positive definite matrices. Use of iterative methods is the convergence of the technique. Gauss-Jacobi uses all values from the previous iteration, while Gauss-Seidel requires that the most recent values be used in calculations. The Gauss-Seidel method has better convergence than the Gauss-Jacobi method, although for dense matrices, the Gauss-Seidel method is sequential. The convergence of the iterative method must be examined for the application along with algorithm performance to ensure that a useful solution to can be found. The Gauss-Seidel method can be written as: where: ¯ is theunknown in during theiteration,and, is the initial guess for theunknown in, is the coefficient ofin therow andcolumn, is thevalue in. or where: ¯ K(k)is theiterative solution to is the initial guess atx Dis the diagonal ofA Lis the of strictly lower triangular portion ofA Uis the of strictly upper triangular portion ofA bis right-hand-side vector. EXAMPLE. 101−x2+ 23= 6, −x1+ 112−x3+ 34= 25, 21−x2+ 103−x4= − 11, 32−x3+ 84= 15. Solving forx1,x2,x3andx4gives: x1=x2/ 10 −x3/ 5 + 3 / 5, x2=x1/ 11 +x3/ 11 − 34/ 11 + 25 / 11, x3= −x1/ 5 +x2/ 10 +x4/ 10 − 11 / 10, x4= − 32/ 8 +x3/ 8 + 15 / 8 Suppose we choose(0,0,0,0)as the initial approximation, then the first approximate solution is given by x1= 3 / 5 = 0.6, x2= (3 / 5) / 11 + 25 / 11 = 3 / 55 + 25 / 11 = 2.3272, x3= − (3 / 5) / 5 + (2.3272) / 10 − 11 / 10 = − 3 / 25 + 0.23272 − 1.1 = − 0.9873, x4= − 3(2.3272) / 8 + ( − 0.9873) / 8 + 15 / 8 = 0.8789. x1 x2 x3 x4 0.6 2.32727 − 0.987273 0.878864 1.03018 2.03694 − 1.01446 0.984341 1.00659 2.00356 − 1.00253 0.998351 1.00086 2.0003 − 1.00031 0.99985 The exact solution of the system is (1,2,-1,1) APPLICATION OF DIRECT AND ITERATIVE METHOD OF SOLUTION FRACTIONAL SPLITING METHOD OF FIRST ORDER FOR LINEAR EQUATION First we describe the simplest operator-splitting, which is calledsequential operator-splitting, for the following linear system of ordinary differential equations:(3.1)where the initial condition is. The operators and are linear and bounded operators in a Banach space The sequential operator-splitting method is introduced as a method that solves two subproblems sequentially, where the different subproblems are connected via the initial conditions. This means that we replace the original problem with the subproblemswhere the splitting time-step is defined as. The approximated solution is. The replacement of the original problem with the subproblems usually results in an error, calledsplitting error. The splitting error of the sequential operator-splitting method can be derived as whereis the commutator ofAandB The splitting error iswhen the operatorsA andB do not commute, otherwise the method is exact. Hence the sequential operator-splitting is called thefirst-order splitting method. THE ITERATIVE SPLITING The following algorithm is based on the iteration with fixed splitting discretization step-size. On the time intervalwe solve the following subproblems consecutively for:(4.1)where is the known split approximation at the time level. We can generalize the iterative splitting method to a multi-iterative splitting method by introducing new splitting operators, for example, spatial operators. Then we obtain multi-indices to control the splitting process; each iterative splitting method can be solved independently, while connecting with further steps to the multi-splitting method

Benefits of being a Vegetarian

Why does one become a vegetarian? Is it because of the health benefits, animal rights, or maybe something else? Although animal activists, religious reasons, and money reasons are a large reason why people choose to become a vegetarian, health factors are also a large reason why people chose this lifestyle. Today, six to eight million adults in the United States do not eat meat, fish, or poultry, according to a Harris Interactive poll commissioned by the Vegetarian Resource Group, a nonprofit organization that disseminates information about vegetarianism (Harvard, 2009).Everyone has it in their mind that vegetarians are so much healthier than meat-eaters, but is it really true? Why would cutting meat out of one's diet really make that much of a difference? Vegetarians do tend to lead a healthier lifestyle, because they plan meals intently, making sure their meals contain all of the vitamins and nutrients they need.According to Betty Kovacs, a registered dietitian, â€Å"Most America ns of all ages eat fewer than the recommended number of servings of grain products, vegetables, and fruits, even though consumption of these foods is associated with a substantially lower risk for many chronic diseases, including certain types of cancer† (Kovacs, 2009). Vegetarians take greater care into planning meals to make sure they are getting the correct amount of vitamins and nutrients.However, is that the only perk? Digesting all of the vitamins and nutrients one needs? No, it's not. Research shows that becoming a vegetarian has many health benefits such as lower cancer rates, lower obesity rates, and lower heart disease rates. Documentation shows many different studies that have been conducted that prove people who do not eat meat are much less susceptible to get cancer, have heart disease or high blood pressure and they are much less likely to be overweight.Harvard Health Publications states, â€Å"Hundreds of studies suggest that eating lots of fruits and vegetable s can reduce the risk of developing certain cancers, and there's evidence that vegetarians have a lower incidence of cancer than non vegetarians do† (Harvard, 2009). While this is true, it is much more likely these statistics be true if one eats the right amount of vegetables and fruit and do not only eat junk food. What a person eats is everything. These statistics won't be true if the diet consists of candy, cheese pizza, or any other junk food.This is also considered â€Å"vegetarian,† but it's not healthy. It is important to lead a healthy lifestyle if one chooses to become a vegetarian or not. Almost all cancers, can be prevented with regular consumption of fruits and vegetables. Foods such as calciferous vegetables (cabbage family), herbs, and fruits have cancer-protective photochemicals such as flavonoids, carotenoids, ellagic acid, sulfide compounds, isoflavones, isothiocyanates glucarates, phenolic acids, phthalides, phytosterols, saponins, and terpenoids among others.These chemicals work as antioxidants that help rid the body of harmful cancer-causing molecules (Benefits of Vegetarianism, 2006). Eating the right amount of fruits and vegetables will definitely lessen chances of cancer, but strictly cutting meat out of the diet will do wonders as well. According to a study published by the British Journal of Cancer Research, â€Å"A study was done of 61,566 people who scientists followed over 12 years.During this time, it was found that 6. 8% of meat eaters (2,204 of 32,403), and 4.0% of vegetarians developed cancer (829 of 20,601)† (McVeigh, 2009). They found that 180 meat eaters developed blood cancers, while only 49 vegetarians developed the diseases. They found the risk of being diagnosed with cancers of the stomach, bladder and blood was significantly lower in vegetarians than in meat eaters as well (McVeigh, 2009). These numbers tell it all! 1,375 less people developed cancer because they cut meat out of their diet. Even if on e cannot cut meat from their diet completely, eating a significantly less amount will still help one's health.According to The Guardian, â€Å"Two years ago, the World Cancer Research Fund found a link between red and processed meat and bowel cancer and recommended that the average amount of meat eaten should be no more than 300g a week. In Britain, the current meat intake is about 970g a week for men and about 550g a week for women† (McVeigh, 2009). So many people are eating way too much meat. People have it in their mind that eating so much meat is good because it's packed full of protein. That is most certainly not the case. These types of stereotypes about eating meat are what cause statistics like the ones stated.Protein and other nutrients can be absorbed by eating many other things other that meat. â€Å"In 2005, the Epic study, funded by the Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, concluded that eating just tw o portions of meat a day – the equivalent of a bacon sandwich and a fillet steak – increased the risk of bowel cancer by 35%† (McVeigh, 2009). Most people eat at least two portions of meat a day, some even eat three! People are not educated in the sense of meat portions and the consequences one can face after making the same mistake over and over by eating too much meat.On a diet free of meat, one of perhaps the greatest health benefits can happen, which would be reduced heart disease risks. Cholesterol levels are greatly increased by the digestion of meat. â€Å"'Fatty red meats and many processed meats are high in saturated fat, which raises LDL (bad) cholesterol and increases risk of coronary heart disease,' says Dr. Rachel K. Johnson, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association and professor of Nutrition and Medicine at the University of Vermont† (Deusen, 2012).Vegetarian diets are also low in saturated fats, which are common in meat. Cholesterol and saturated fats are the major causes of heart disease. This is because they clog the inside of the blood vessels over time. This leads to heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. â€Å"Vegetarian diets that have abundant sources of fiber, such as the ones found in carrots, beans, and apples, can help in lowering cholesterol levels that might have been built up over the years, adding years back on to lives† (Shanti, 2009).According to Seven Common Vegetarian Health Benefits, â€Å"Fruits, nuts, whole grains, and vegetables have flavonoids that have some biological properties and other vegetarian health benefits that are responsible for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. They are antioxidants and they protect LDL (bad) cholesterol from undergoing oxidation, effectively inhibiting formation of blood clots in the arteries and other blood vessels. The flavonoids also have a hypolipidemic effect and an anti-inflammatory effect† (Benefits of Ve getarianism, 2012).So by eating more fruits and vegetables and cutting meat out of the diet, chances of  heart disease are greatly reduced. Many studies have shown how much eating meat can increase one's chances of getting any type of heart disease. One study in particular published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, showed that eating large amounts of meat (e. g. a small steak every day) also increased the risk of death from cardiovascular disease (Deusen, 2012). In another large study, â€Å"a combined analysis of data from five prospective studies involving more than 76,000 participants published several years ago — vegetarians were, on average, 25% less likely to die of heart disease† (Harvard, 2009).Another vegetarian health benefit is that vegetarians have lower blood pressure compared to those who eat meat, especially red meat. This is because vegetarian diets are low in salt. Meat has high amounts of cholesterol, saturated fat, and salt. Salt has been iden tified as the main cause of high blood pressure and hypertension. High blood pressure also occurs when blood tries to flow faster due to obstructed blood vessels. The obstruction is usually caused by a build up of cholesterol ingested from eating meat (Benefits of Vegetarianism, 2006).Cholesterol is only found in animal foods, so vegetarian diets are completely cholesterol free, reducing the chances of high blood pressure, strokes, and heart disease tremendously (Thompson, 2011). Adults and children who follow a vegetarian diet are generally leaner than non vegetarians. This may be because a vegetarian diet typically includes less saturated fat and adds more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which are foods that are more filling and less calorie dense (Zeratsky, 2007). According to Brown University, â€Å"Vegetarian diets are usually lower in fat and higher in fiber† (Brown, 2010).Fiber fills you up more quickly than fat and it keeps you feeling fuller longer. Vegetarians are more likely to eat less and better food. According to a study conducted from 1986 to 1992 by Dean Ornish, MD, president and director of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, found that overweight people who followed a low-fat, vegetarian diet lost an average of 24 pounds in the first year and kept off that weight 5 years later. They lost the weight without counting calories or carbohydrates and without measuring portions or feeling hungry (Vegetarian Times, 2012).Why do people lose so much weight by cutting meat out of their diet? Meat is full of saturated fat, which is not good for a person. It is also full of sodium (salt), and preservatives. These things can make one bloat and gain weight like crazy. According to Woman's Health Magazine, â€Å"A large-scale 2010 study from Imperial College London found that those who ate about 250 grams a day (the size of one half-pound steak) of red meat, poultry, or processed meat gained more weight over fiv e years than those who ate less meat, even if they consumed the same amount of calories overall† (Deusen, 2012).Eating meat has been proven to increase chances on developing a few unpleasant health factors or diseases. Research shows that eating meat does increase the chances of cancer. Statistics have shown that vegetarians are less likely to develop any type of cancer, especially blood cancer, breast cancer, and bowel cancer. Eating a lot of fruits and vegetables have also shown that the risk of developing cancer is less likely to happen if one is ingesting these. Fruits and vegetables contain cancer-protective chemicals that help prevent cancer.These chemicals work as antioxidants that help rid the body of harmful cancer-causing molecules (Benefits of Vegetarianism, 2006). It has also been shown that eating less or no meat reduces the chances of developing any type of heart disease. It also lessens chances of having high blood pressure or a stroke. Meat is full of saturated fat, salt, and cholesterol. Cholesterol is the number one reason why people have heart disease or a heart attack. Cholesterol blocks arteries to the heart, causing a heart attack.By not eating meat, one will not be ingesting cholesterol, saving yourself from heart disease. Obesity rates drop when it comes to vegetarians. Vegetarians plan meals accordingly, so all of the nutrients and vitamins are accounted for. Meat is also full of saturated fat and salt. These both are well-known for making people gain weight. Many studies have shown how much more likely someone is to be overweight if they eat meat versus if they do not eat meat. Scientists have done many studies proving these claims to be true.The documentation that has been provided does show that eating meat does increase chances of cancer and heart disease and obesity rates are higher. If everyone cut meat out of their diet, not even all the way, these disease statistics would drop dramatically. Diets actually improve when mea t has been cut out because it forces one to think about nutrition choices. Fruits and vegetables are more thought about and the body gets the nutrients and vitamins it needs and deserves. The body will no longer be punished by trying to digest the fat, sodium, and cholesterol that has been forced into it.

Argument of Jonestown Death as a Mass Suicide Essay

The Jonestown Massacre, which had a death toll of 918 people (Rosenberg, 2003), can in the main, be regarded as mass suicide or what in the words of the founder Jim Jones was termed â€Å"revolutionary suicide†. This is because all but one of temple members, Christine Miller, supported Jones’ suggestion of â€Å"revolutionary suicide† (Jonestown Audiotape, 1978). Jim McElvane, a former therapist, assisted Jones by arguing against Miller’s resistance to suicide, stating â€Å"Let’s make it a beautiful day†. This statement was followed by applause from Temple members. In addition to Jim McElvane, several other temple members gave speeches praising Jones and his decision for the community to commit suicide (Jonestown Audiotape, 1978). Some instances that preceded the ugly event and suggest it as mass suicide include; i. White Nights: â€Å"revolutionary suicide† rehearsals A Temple defector Deborah Layton recalled that after work, when purported emergencies arose, the Temple sometimes conducted what Rev. Jones referred to as â€Å"White Nights†. During such events, Jones would sometimes give the Jonestown members four choices: (i) attempt to flee to the Soviet Union; (ii) commit â€Å"revolutionary suicide†; (iii) stay in Jonestown and fight the purported attackers or (iv) flee into the jungle. On at least two occasions during White Nights, after a â€Å"revolutionary suicide† vote was reached, a simulated mass suicide was rehearsed (Layton, 1998). Deborah Layton described the event in an affidavit: â€Å"Everyone, including the children, was told to line up. As we passed through the line, we were given a small glass of red liquid to drink. We were told that the liquid contained poison and that we would die within 45 minutes. We all did as we were told. When the time came when we should have dropped dead, Rev. Jones explained that the poison was not real and that we had just been through a loyalty test. He warned us that the time was not far off when it would become necessary for us to die by our own hands† (Affidavit of Deborah Layton, 1998). From the above statement culled from Affidavit of Deborah Layton, it is evidently clear that Temple members are fully aware that a time will come when it will become necessary for them to die by their own hands. Although, they were not told when or how the â€Å"suicide† will occur (Rosenberg, 2003). ii. Notes from non-surviving residents of Peoples Temple Notes from the non-surviving residents of the Peoples Temple suggest that the event at Jonestown was a mass suicide. Similar to the â€Å"suicide note† usually written by individuals that commit the anti-social act, notes found at the scene of the event in Jonestown suggest it was mass suicide. Found near the body of Marceline Jones (wife of Jim Jones) was a typewritten note, dated November 18, 1978, signed by Marceline Jones and witnessed by Annie Moore and Maria Katsaris, stating: I, Marceline Jones, leave all bank assets in my name to the Communist Party of the USSR. The above bank accounts are located in the Bank of Nova Scotia, Nassau, Bahamas. Please be sure that these assets do get to the USSR. I especially request that none of these are allowed to get into the hands of my adopted daughter, Suzanne Jones Cartmell. For anyone who finds this letter, please honor this request as it is most important to myself and my husband, James W. Jones (Letter from Marceline Jones, 1978). Annie Moore left a note, which in part stated: â€Å"I am at a point right now so embittered against the world that I don’t know why I am writing this. Someone who finds it will believe I am crazy or believe in the barbed wire that does NOT exist in Jonestown.† Moore also wrote, â€Å"JONESTOWN—the most peaceful, loving community that ever existed.† The children loved it. So did everyone else.† The last line, Moore wrote â€Å"We died because you would not let us live in peace.† in different color ink (Last words – Annie Moore, 1978). iii. Leo Ryan Delegation’s Report Another evidence that characterized the death at Jonestown as mass suicide is the U.S congressman Leo Ryan’s report of his visit to Jonestown. Ryan stated that none of the sixty (60) relatives Ryan had targeted for interviews wanted to leave Jonestown, the 14 defectors constituted a very small portion of Jonestown’s residents, that any sense of imprisonment the defectors had was likely because of peer pressure and a lack of physical transportation, and even if 200 of the 900+ wanted to leave â€Å"I’d still say you have a beautiful place here† (Hall, 1989). Similarly, Washington Post reporter Charles Krause stated that, on the way back to the airstrip, he was unconvinced that Jonestown was as bad as defectors had claimed because there were no signs of malnutrition or physical abuse, while many members appeared to enjoy Jonestown and only a small number of the over 900 residents expressed willingness to leave (Layton, 1999). Lastly, in 1978, officials from the United States Embassy in Guyana interviewed Social Security recipients on multiple occasions to make sure they were not being held against their will (Pear, 1978). None of the 75 people interviewed by the Embassy stated that they were being held against their will, were forced to sign over welfare checks, or wanted to leave Jonestown (Wessinger, 2000). Jonestown as a Religio-political Movement Vs Collective Action Founded in 1956 by Reverend Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple (known also as Jonestown) was a racially integrated church purported to practice what it called â€Å"apostolic socialism† (Dawson, 2003, Time Magazine, 2008) that focused on helping people in need. Jones had a vision of a communist community, one in which everyone lived together in harmony and worked for the common good (Rosenberg, 2003). This is similar to the communist movement proposed by Karl Marx and Marx followers. Thus, distinct from various scholarly views on collective behavior, Jones aligned this religious cum political ideology with the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, World’s renowned socialist movement. Unlike any routine or non-routine collective action, Jones purported to establish Jonestown as a benevolent communist community, stating: â€Å"I believe we’re the purest communists there are† (Pear, 1978). Marceline Jones (wife of Jim Jones) described Jonestown as â€Å"dedicated to live for socialism, total economic and racial and social equality. We are here living communally† (Dawson, 2003). After the day’s work ended, Temple members would attend several hours of activities in a pavilion structure, including classes on socialism (Layton, 1998). Discussions around the topics raised often took the form of Jones usually portraying the United States as a â€Å"capitalist† and â€Å"imperialist† villain, while casting â€Å"socialist† leaders, such as North Korean leader Kim Il-sung, Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and Joseph Stalin, in a positive light (Hall, 1987). Another factor that distinguished Jonestown from collective action is that it lacked some elements of collective actions identified by Useem (1998) such as riots, rebellion, and civil violence, planned and unplanned protests, destructive barricades, peaceful and violent demonstrations, aggressive display of grievances, and so forth. Furthermore, unlikely of collective actions, Jonestown participated actively in politics. Founder Jim Jones was appointed as the Chairman San Francisco Housing Authority Commission (Reiterman and John, 1982). Both in theory and practice, Jonestown is a religio-political movement. Jonestown strongly supported communist movement of the Soviet Union and identified with them. Prior to their eventual death, Jones wrote a letter, on behalf of Peoples Temple (‘apostolic socialism’ church) , to the Embassy of the Soviet Union in Guyana in which he instructed that all their assets be given to the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. However, it is intellectually instructive to conclude by bringing to mind that Jonestown ended as a collective action sequel to their â€Å"revolutionary suicide† which has been severally argued as a collective decision of the Peoples Temple resident members at the time of the event. Theoretical Explanations of Jonestown Event i. Social identity theory: One theoretical tradition that provides sufficient explanation to the Jonestown event is social identity theory. Developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in 1979, the theory was originally developed to understand the psychological basis of intergroup discrimination, and to identify the minimal conditions that would lead members of one group to discriminate in favor of the in-group to which they belonged and against another out-group (Tajfel et al., 1986). Generally, a social identity is the portion of an individual’s self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. Social identity theory asserts that group membership creates ingroup/ self-categorization and enhancement in ways that favor the in-group at the expense of the out-group. This quest for positive distinctiveness means that people’s sense of who they are is defined in terms of ‘we’ rather than ‘I’. This is exactly what transpired in Jonestown. In application, it is obvious that at various forums, statements like â€Å"I believe we’re the purest communists there are† (Pear, 1978), â€Å"We are here living communally†, â€Å"Let’s make it a beautiful day† (Dawson, 2003), dominated Jones, Marceline and other Temple members’ discussions. ii. Social Solidarity Theory: Another theoretical paradigm that dominated the terrain of the study of movements and collective actions in the 1960s is social solidarity theory. The theory is an off-shoot of Emile Durkheim’s functionalist theory on 1938. According to Durkheim, collective conscience and social solidarity constitute common belief and sentiments. â€Å"solidarity, rather than insufficient integration, provides the necessary conditions of collective action, and rebellions, protest, collective violence, and related forms of action result from rational pursuit of shared interests†(Useem, 1984). Without this common sentiment or agreement, solidarity would be impossible. Citing Tilly and others, Useem (1998) opined that solidarity refers to dense social networks and a strong collective identity. This shared sentiment, solidarity and group consciousness characterized the underlying principles for the formation of Jonestown. Members see themselves as the same and they stood pungently against the U.S capitalism and imperialism. As such, Rev Jim Jones and Temple members moved to establish a community where communalism, egalitarianism and equality will dominates. References Catherine Wessinger (2000) â€Å"How the Millennium Comes Violently: From Jonestown to Heaven’s Gate† ISBN 978-1-889119-24-3, p. 31-34. Dawson, Lorne L. (2003). Cults and new religious movements: a reader. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 194. ISBN 1-4051-0181-4. Annie Moore (1978) â€Å"Last Words from Annie Moore† Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. Retrieved from www.wikipedia.com on 24th October, 2012. Layton, Deborah (1998) Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1998. ISBN 0-385-48984-6. p. 53. Retrieved from www.wikipedia.com on 24th October, 2012. Layton, Deborah (1999). Seductive Poison. Anchor, 1999. ISBN 0-385-48984-6. p. xix (Krause forward) Retrieved from www.wikipedia.com on 24th October, 2012. Marceline Jones (1978).†Letter from Marceline Jones† Alternative Considerations of Jonestown and Peoples Temple. Jonestown Project: San Diego State University. Pear, Richard. â€Å"State Explains Respo nse to Cult Letters.† Washington Star News. November 26, 1978. Reiterman, Tim and John Jacobs. Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People. Dutton, 1982. ISBN 0-525-24136-1. p. 485. Rosenberg Jennifer (2003) â€Å"The Jonestown Massacre† retrieved from http://history1900s.about.com/od/1970s/p/jonestown.htm on 24th October, 2012. Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. In S. Worchel and L. W. Austin (eds.), Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chigago: Nelson-Hall Time Magazine, â€Å"Mass Suicide at Jonestown: 30 Years Later†, 2008. Retrieved from www.wikipedia.com on 24th October, 2012. Useem Bert (1998) â€Å"Breakdown Theories of Collective Action† Annual Review Sociology 1998. 24:215. Useem B. (1997). â€Å"The state and collective disorders: The Los Angeles riot/protest of April, 1992. Sociology Forces 76:357 -77

Canadian Politics essays

Canadian Politics essays Are there true freedoms in Democracy? No, there is not true freedoms in democracy for the following reasons; true freedoms in a democratic society give us the right and freedoms to make our own decisions a free society. In our present society today, literally everything has a rule or law. From smoking in a restaurant, to speed limits, to soliciting, spanking your children, being nude on public property and the list continues forever...with no joke. Not to say that these laws are not needed, but there should be a limit on them. It is unfortunate to note that laws and rules in placed by the government not always represent the people (constituents) (indirect democracy) but the governing power makes the decisions for you which is the absolute opposite of true freedoms in democracy. The unbelievably large amounts of laws in our society make it very difficult to have freedoms in a democratic society because effectively the people are not ruling but the governing power (Government) rules and creates the laws for the people to live with. When a leader or/ and government create laws, it sets an agenda for the people, and if there really is true freedom in democracy, then the people should have the choice to set the agenda (some what anarchist mentality). Democracy by definition means; a government by the people: rule of the majority. A form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly. This definition means that the people rule (all), instead in today s society the government rules, and becomes a dictatorship. A example of present day dictatorship in Canada is our federal government, (the Liberals) our PM is creating a majority of todays domestic and foreign policy with our advising his executive council (Ministers and caucus). We as a society have so many laws and rules to follow that there isnt any ...

Feedback in Communication Studies

Feedback in Communication Studies In communication studies, feedback is the response of an audience to a message or activity. Feedback can be conveyed both verbally and nonverbally. [L]earning how to give  effective feedback is  as important as any subject matter we teach, says Regie Routman. Yet giving useful feedback is one of the most elusive elements in teaching and learning (Read, Write, Lead, 2014). Examples and Observations The term feedback is taken from cybernetics, a branch of engineering concerned with self-regulating systems. In its simplest form, feedback is a self-stabilizing control system such as the Watt steam governor, which regulates the speed of a steam engine or a thermostat that controls the temperature of a room or oven. In the communication process, feedback refers to a response from the receiver which gives the communicator an idea of how the message is being received and whether it needs to be modified. . . . Strictly speaking, negative feedback does not imply bad, and positive feedback good. Negative feedback indicates that you should do less of what you are doing or change to something else. Positive feedback encourages you to increase what you are doing, which can go out of control (over excitement at a party, fighting or having a row). If you are crying, feedback from those around may cause you to dry your eyes and put on a brave face (if feedback is negative) or weep unashamedly (if feedback is positive). (David Gill and Bridget Adams, ABC of Communication Studies, 2nd ed. Nelson Thomas, 2002) Useful Feedback on Writing The most useful feedback you can give someone (or receive yourself) is neither vague encouragement (Good start! Keep at it!) nor scorching criticism (Sloppy method!), but rather an honest assessment of how the text reads. In other words, Rewrite your introduction because I dont like it is not nearly as helpful as You start off saying you want to look at trends in functionalistic interior design, but you seem to spend most of your time talking about the use of color among the Bauhaus designers. This gives the author not only insight into what is confusing the reader but also several options for fixing it: She can rewrite the introduction either to focus on Bauhaus designers or to better explain the link between functionalistic interior design and Bauhaus designers, or she can restructure the paper to talk about other aspects of functionalistic interior design. (Lynn P. Nygaard, Writing for Scholars: A Practical Guide to Making Sense and Being Heard. Universitetsforlaget, 2008) Feedback on Public Speaking Public speaking presents different opportunities for feedback, or listener response to a message, than does dyadic, small group, or mass communication. . . . Partners in conversation continually respond to one another in back-and-forth fashion; in small groups, participants expect interruptions for purposes of clarification or redirection. However, because the receiver of the message in mass communication is physically removed from the messenger, feedback is delayed until after the event, as in TV ratings. Public speaking offers a middle ground between low and high levels of feedback. Public speaking does not permit the constant exchange of information between listener and speaker that happens in conversation, but audiences can and do provide ample verbal and non-verbal cues to what they are thinking and feeling. Facial expressions, vocalizations (including laughter or disapproving noises), gestures, applause, and a range of body movements all signal the audiences response to the speaker. (Dan OHair, Rob Stewart, and Hannah Rubenstein, Speakers Guidebook: Text and Reference, 3rd ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2007) Peer Feedback [S]ome researchers and classroom practitioners remain unconvinced of the merits of peer feedback for L2 student writers, who may not have the linguistic knowledge base or intuitions to give accurate or helpful information to their classmates . . .. (Dana Ferris, Written Discourse Analysis and Second Language Teaching. Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching and Learning, Volume 2, ed. by Eli Hinkel. Taylor Francis, 2011) Feedback in Conversations Ira Wells: Mrs. Schmidt asked me to move out. That place next door to you, is that still empty?Margo Sperling: I dont know, Ira. I dont think I could take it. I mean you just never say anything, for Gods sake. Its not fair, because I have to keep up my side of the conversation and your side of the conversation. Yeah, thats it: you just never say anything, for Gods sake. I want some feedback from you. I want to know what you think about things . . . and what you think about me.(Art Carney and Lily Tomlin in The Late Show, 1977)

Examine the portrayal of women and isolation in the yellow wallpaper Essay

Examine the portrayal of women and isolation in the yellow wallpaper by charlotte perkins gilman - Essay Example It is these factors; the treatment of herself and women in general, the "rest-cure", the isolation, and the yellow wallpapered room, which eventually drive her to insanity and hysteria. Thesis Gilman tells the story of a woman isolated in her own house through one of her own life experiences in perhaps, an over exaggerated, dramatic kind of way. During the Eighteenth century, women were generally viewed as weak. Women did not work to make money for that was a man's job. Women generally stayed around the house and did household chores. In the narrator's case, the opposite occurs. Husband John forbids for his wife to work or write while she is ill. She feels that it is this "prescription" that keeps her ill. She explains how she wants to rearrange her room if she can not have the downstairs room. John again makes an "executive" decision and says no stating that, "You know the place is doing you good, and really, dear, I don't care to renovate the house just for a three months' rental" (Gilman). It shows how men had the power over women and gave complete disregard for simple requests. The narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" spends so much time in her room that she eventually becomes obsessed with this yellow wallpaper. She becomes so obsessed that she actually believes that she is the woman in the wallpaper. She is the one clim bing out and reaching out through the bars. She becomes delusional. In the Eighteenth century, hysteria was more common in women. According to a professor in bioethics and assistant professor of internal health at Case Western Reserve University, Sana Loue states that "Hysteria, in particular, was believed to be an affliction specific to women. Hysteria was brought on by feelings of depression, nervousness, or crying and could manifest in the form of hysterical "fit" similar to an epileptic seizure" (Gilman). The subjugation that prevailed in the society made women treated as subhuman. They were just considered as vessels of fertility and had the mere privilege of a set of ovaries and a womb. The feminist ideologies of the narrator are evident throughout her talk. She was found subordinate to her husband John who believed that women are frail and can never make decision of their own. The narrator's great passion for life and her strong feministic beliefs do not allowed her to be in the controlled world of her husband. Her house appeared as a prison for her all through these days. The narrator was always under the care of someone, her brother and then her husband. Both of them being doctors do not understand her mind. They are least flexible and only look for her physical recovery (Bak 199). They do not allow her to indulge in something that she wanted to indulge in. She wanted to write; may be she wanted to pour out her depression into words. She was of the belief that more mental and ph ysical activity would solve her problems. She never desired to have physical rest. However her husband and brother were not able to understand this and compelled her to be under complete rest that would make her free from any activity. They were not able to comprehend their self and did not even attempt to understand her. The male dominated world never wanted the husbands to understand their wives. The narrator's husband and broth

Opportunity identification and selection in australia Research Paper

Opportunity identification and selection in australia - Research Paper Example years, with rising incomes in Asian and African countries, export opportunities have opened up and despite the low unit values of bread, innovations in processing and preservation of these products have made it worthwhile for companies involved in biscuit production to look into export markets. This report examines various external factors that are playing a significant role in the biscuit industry, especially in the context of recent developments. The baking sector in Australia is comprised of three primary sectors: (a) bread (b) biscuits and (c) cakes and pastries (www.daff.gov.au). Domestic consumption of biscuits is higher than exports and the sales of biscuit products contribute about a third of manufacturing turnover in the baking industry. According to the report on the baking industry which was published in 2001, 75% of the retail trade in biscuits occurs through supermarkets, with the market being concentrated and dominated by the major corporate entities, Arnotts and George Weston Foods; while exports had jumped to 63 million dollars with over 50% of these exports being directed towards New Zealand (www.daff.gov.au). These trends appear to be continuing because according to an industry upgrade report in 2006-7, the trends in the biscuit industry still show a preponderance of sales through giant supermarket chains. The biscuit industry has changed somewhat in the past decade. In Australia, the biscuit industry has traditionally been restricted to the domestic markets, but exports have been increasing. The major changes in the external environment which are necessitating changes in the operation of biscuit companies are (a) increasing automation of biscuit manufacture (b) the need to comply with Government regulation (c) changes in patterns of consumer nutrition (d) rationalisation and consolidation and (e) use of toll or contract manufacturing. All of these aspects are discussed further below, because they are the major external mandates which have